Monday, July 27, 2009

BayCare sues Pinellas Sheriff Jim Coats for inmates' care costs


By David DeCamp, Times Staff Writer

Published Wednesday, May 20, 2009

CLEARWATER — Four local hospitals claim Pinellas County Sheriff Jim Coats has shortchanged them when they care for jail inmates.

The hospitals, part of the BayCare Health Systems network, are suing Coats and the County Commission for at least $807,000, plus unspecified interest, for the care of 161 uninsured inmates since May 2005.

The Sheriff's Office paid for detainees' medical care based on rates under Medicaid, the federal health care program for the needy. However, those rates are much less than the hospitals' standard charges.

The hospitals — St. Anthony's in St. Petersburg, Morton Plant in Clearwater, Mease Countryside in Safety Harbor and Mease Dunedin — want the difference.

"We do a lot of charity cases," BayCare spokeswoman Amy Lovett said. "The difference with the Pinellas County sheriff's department is once someone is an inmate or detainee, they have a responsibility for the care of the inmates."

Not so, said Chief Deputy Robert Gualtieri. The hospitals, he said, failed to show they could not collect money from detainees or insurers. And inmates have the responsibility to pay their bills.

Besides, paying the full charge for inmates' medical care would blow up the sheriff's budget, Gualtieri said. Those charges would be 80 to 85 percent higher — rates well above what insured people normally pay. Gualtieri also suggested the hospitals might have overbilled the sheriff, based on Medicaid rates and the time detainees were under the sheriff's control.

The agency is responsible for care only when people are in custody. Any care after that point, the patient or insurer is responsible.

"We don't owe them anything," Gualtieri said. "Actually, you could have a situation, based on statutes and other things, they really are owing us money. We may have overpaid them."

In a time of rising health care costs, a similar fight has broken out in at least a few other Florida counties, such as St. Lucie, where hospitals want to be paid and sheriffs face tighter budgets. But payment standards vary.

Pasco County has agreements to use Medicaid rates in some hospitals and negotiates payment in others, sheriff's spokesman Kevin Doll said. Orange County has contracts with hospitals for rates similar to Medicaid, though the Medicaid rates aren't actually used.

Hillsborough and other large counties did not immediately respond to requests for comment Wednesday.

A bill by state Rep. Ed Hooper, R-Clearwater, that would cap the fees hospitals could collect from sheriffs at Medicaid levels never got off the ground in the Legislature this spring. But he intends to file it next year.

"I was trying to look out for us the taxpayer, not so much the bottom line of the hospital or anything else," Hooper said, echoing the Sheriff's Office.

The Pinellas Sheriff's Office treats some inmates at its jail complex, but has to send others to hospitals.

The sheriff and the hospitals never struck a formal contract, leading to the legal fight after years of inmates receiving hospital care. The Sheriff's Office also has a contract to pay Medicaid rates at Bayfront Medical Center in St. Petersburg.

BayCare officials also learned Northside Hospital — another provider for the sheriff — had been reimbursed at rates higher than Medicaid's. That is no longer the case, Gualtieri said.

The Sheriff's Office cited its authority as a law enforcement agency to reimburse at lower levels, the lawsuit says.

"As a matter of law, the PCSO's position was inaccurate at best," the suit says, calling the rationale a "legal fiction."

County Attorney Jim Bennett declined to comment because he had not seen the lawsuit. The County Commission oversees the sheriff's budget.

David DeCamp can be reached at ddecamp@sptimes.com or (727) 445-4167.

Suspended deputy had good evaluations


By TOM BRENNAN The Tampa Tribune

Spencer's personnel file showed a series of satisfactory evaluations with continuous merit raises since his hiring in August 2005.

Spencer was suspended Thursday without pay after being charged with misdemeanor battery on a juvenile inmate and a felony charge of official misconduct for allegedly lying when he filled out a report of the incident.

A fellow detention deputy turned Spencer in to supervisors.

The inmate, Sean Walker, 16, was being held in a confinement cell in the Falkenburg Road Jail because of his age. He was arrested in March on a robbery charge.

Investigators said that when deputies approached Walker's cell door Wednesday, Walker spat through a food tray slot.

Spencer opened the door, charged Walker and knocked him to the floor face down, according to investigators. Spenser then hit Walker with his fist on the back of the head. Authorities said Walker received a 1-inch cut and did not require hospitalization.

Performance reviews in September 2006 and 2007 gave Spenser satisfactory marks in all performance categories, the highest rating available.

His pay rose from $16.50 per hour to $21.06 in July 2008.

"Deputy Spencer's major strength is his willing attitude. He will complete any task assigned to him without question of complaint," the 2007 evaluation said.

The only area marked for improvement that year was Spencer's personal appearance. The evaluation said he worked hard to lose weight and tone up. But he was asked to have his uniforms tailored "for a crisper look."

He was listed as 5 feet, 10 inches tall and 265 pounds on his jail booking form.

In 2006, officials said Spencer was extremely computer-oriented but sometimes too willing to assist coworkers.

"Needs to be more attentive to own task first and then attempt to help others with theirs," the evaluation said.

That evaluation said Spenser was settling into his job.

"Deputy Spencer has displayed a sense of being "comfortable' within the correctional setting," it said.

He is a 1994 graduate of R.R. Robinson High School in Tampa and attended Hillsborough Community College.

Before being hired as a detention deputy, Spencer worked as a senior teller at Suncoast Schools Federal Credit Union. Before that, he worked at Target and Publix on Gandy Boulevard.

At Target he was rated as excellent employee who was prompt and courteous and could be counted on to get the job done.

Letters of reference said he was a smart Christian who doesn't drink, smoke, or take drugs. Easy to get a long with. Loves life and spreading optimism.

Florida housing record number of 'lifers' in prisons, study finds


Florida housing record number of 'lifers' in prisons, study finds

By STEVE BOUSQUET

Herald/Times Tallahassee Bureau

Monday, July 27, 2009

Tougher sentencing laws and restrictions on parole in Florida and other states have resulted in a record number of criminals serving life sentences, according to a new national study.

The report by the Sentencing Project found 140,160 individuals serving life terms in state and federal prisons, including 6,607 juveniles, two of them Floridians whose cases are under review by the U.S. Supreme Court.

In Florida, the report said, 11.3 percent of prison inmates are serving life, and 53 percent of them are African American and 19 percent Hispanic. Also, 6,424 Florida inmates are serving life without parole.

"They ought to be raising questions about the rising number of violent felons,'' said Lt. Gov. Jeff Kottkamp, a Republican running for attorney general in 2010 on a platform that emphasizes public safety. "These people are in prison for a reason,'' he said.

The state with the highest percentage of lifers is California at 20 percent.

As of Thursday, the Florida prison system had a population of 100,816. The system is close enough to capacity that legislators have given the Department of Corrections the option, for the first time, of exporting criminals to other states with empty prison beds.

Nearly two decades ago, Florida enacted mandatory minimum sentencing laws, such as "10-20-Life'' and "three strikes,'' that increased the number of life felons in the nation's third-largest prison system and sharply reduced inmates' ability to win early release or parole.

"There was a hue and cry to put people in prison and keep them there,'' said state Sen. Arthenia Joyner, a Tampa Democrat who opposes such measures, saying they remove a judge's discretion. "The message to people in public office was, if you're soft on crime, you're going to lose your election. Now the prisons are full of people and the numbers are ever increasing.''

Joyner recalled her frustration at filing a bill last session that would have changed the definition of petty theft by increasing the amount of stolen money from $300, which it has been for more than two decades, to $600. "But they wouldn't hear it in the House,'' Joyner said.

Juveniles also are increasingly being sentenced to life, the report noted, following a 2005 U.S. Supreme Court decision that prohibited juveniles from being executed.

Last May, the nation's highest court agreed to review the case of Joe Sullivan of Pensacola, sentenced to life without parole at age 13 for the rape of a 72-year-old woman in 1989. Sullivan, who is mentally disabled, admitted burglarizing the woman's house on that day but has denied committing rape.

He is housed at Santa Rosa Correctional Institution in Milton. His lawyers want the Supreme Court to rule on whether Sullivan's sentence violates the constitutional ban on cruel and unusual punishment.

According to the Equal Justice Institute, Sullivan is one of only eight people in the world serving a life sentence without parole for a crime that occurred at age 13.

The Sentencing Project promotes reforms in sentencing, including "alternatives to incarceration,'' while focusing attention on what it calls disturbing trends and inequities in the criminal justice system.

Fort Lauderdale pen pal service owner sues state over right to reach prisoners


By JAWEED KALEEM

Miami Herald Staff Writer

Wednesday, May 06, 2009

The Fort Lauderdale owner of a Christian pen pal service filed a federal lawsuit Tuesday charging the Florida Department of Corrections with violating the First Amendment by blocking her from putting churches in touch with Florida inmates.

Joy Perry runs Prison Pen Pals and the Freedom Through Christ Ministry, which gives prisoners' contact information to churches that want to send them Bibles and other religious materials. She filed suit in U.S. District Court in Jacksonville along with Adam Lovell of Edgewater, president of WriteAPrisoner.Com.

"My prison ministry connects prisoners nationwide who wish to hear the Gospel of Jesus Christ with churches,'' said Perry, 79, who says she has run the services since 1980 and has a list of about 5,000 prisoners nationwide. ``Florida prisons have returned my correspondence and pen pal contact information.''

Under Florida law, prisoners are allowed to send and receive mail but cannot place advertising soliciting pen pals, receive mail from ad services or be subscribed to ad services.

"How are you going to reach an inmate to write unless you have a service to find him?'' said Randall Berg, a Miami lawyer representing the plaintiffs. Berg said the ban on ad services violates freedom of speech provisions of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

Jo Ellyn Rackless, a Department of Corrections spokeswoman, disagrees.

"This is a public safety issue for the department. Historically, we've had pen pals victimized by inmates, such as pen pals who get solicited for money,'' Rackless said. ``We are trying to reduce fraudulent activity by inmates.''

While Perry offers her services for free, Lovell, 31, charges $40 a year to each prisoner who uses his site, which allows users to search for prisoners by sex, age, location and sexual orientation. About 5,000 inmates, including 200 in Florida, have 250-word profiles with photos on the site. He posts their addresses and mails them e-mail printouts twice a month.

Judge warns of cost to imprison mentally ill as report pans Fla.

By CHARLES ELMORE
Palm Beach Post Staff Writer
Wednesday, March 11, 2009

Florida will have to spend an estimated $3.6 billion to build new prisons if the number of people with mental illness behind bars keeps growing as fast as it has, a South Florida judge said Wednesday.

"It's madness," said Steve Leifman, a Miami-Dade County judge who serves as special adviser on criminal justice and mental health to the Florida Supreme Court.

"The state can't afford to keep doing it this way."

The state's treatment of people with mental illness earned a D on a national advocacy group's report card Wednesday, down from a C three years ago.

Florida has one of the largest uninsured populations in the nation, 3.7 million, but the state is falling behind, according to a National Alliance on Mental Illness "Grading the States" 2009 report.

Leifman supports a state Senate bill to rechannel existing resources to community-based programs. These would be designed to provide more effective treatment for mentally ill people who commit relatively minor crimes — not just stabilize them for court appearances. The number of Floridians with mental illness in prison has grown 145 percent to 17,000 in the past 10 years, he said.

A commission has been studying criminal justice and mental health issues in Palm Beach County and plans a summit in coming weeks.

"Hopefully, the NAMI report will draw attention to some important issues," saidMargi Silberman, chief executive officer of the Mental Health Association of Palm Beach County.

Taxpayer advocates said the issue is not a simple matter of being for or against mental health treatment.

The state could do a better job of trimming bureaucratic waste in a range of health, educational and other programs, freeing up money for other priorities, Florida TaxWatch President Dominic M. Calabro said.

"If the state was a better steward, they would have more money to spend," Calabro said.

In Tallahassee, Florida Department of Children and Families Secretary George Sheldon said he supports the community-based treatment bill, SB 2018. On Wednesday, he called the current system "the definition of insanity."

Florida is one of 12 states whose treatment of the mentally ill received a lower grade than it did in 2006, when NAMI issued its first report card.

Florida ranks next to last among the states, only ahead of Arizona, in the number of state and community psychiatric beds per 1,000 adults with serious mental illness, while state programs to cover the uninsured often exclude mental-health and substance-abuse treatment, the report said.

Emergency rooms, the criminal justice system and families are frequently left to "shoulder the burden of responding to people in crisis," NAMI Executive Director Michael J. Fitzpatrick wrote.

Tuesday, July 21, 2009

Judge rules out new murder trial for Baker County woman


A juror and the son of the woman on trial had a romance.

MACCLENNY – A judge refused on Monday to grant a Baker County woman a new murder trial, ruling that her son’s relationship with a juror didn’t affect the outcome.

Circuit Judge James Nilon then sentenced Meloney Lee Jackson, 40, to a mandatory life prison sentence for fatally shooting her 47-year-old husband, Kevin, outside their Glen St. Mary home in March 2008. Her lawyer indicated she will appeal.

Jackson was convicted of first-degree murder in May, but prosecutors notified her public defender after a state investigator saw her oldest son, James Wallace, leave the courtroom hand-in-hand with a female juror after the verdict. No relationship between them was disclosed until then.

Assistant Public Defender George Nelson requested a new trial on grounds of juror misconduct, particularly in light of statements Wallace had made to numerous acquaintances condemning his mother before the trial. He said the juror, Amanda Daniels, should have disclosed the relationship.

“It would only be fair to Ms. Jackson to have a jury that hasn’t heard from her own son telling people she’s an evil bitch,” Nelson said.

But Assistant State Attorney Geoff Fleck of Gainesville argued there was no evidence Wallace made those statements to the juror. And he noted that Jackson never disclosed the relationship during the trial either.

“She probably thought that she had a ringer, a friend of her son who would help her out,” Fleck said.

Testimony on Monday indicated that Wallace and Daniels knew each other in high school in 2003 then rekindled their relationship in 2008, with Daniels spending several nights with Wallace at his grandmother’s home.

Despite that, both testified they never discussed the case, and Daniels told the judge she never connected Jackson to Wallace because of their different last names.

Nilon ruled there was no evidence to the contrary. He made specific findings that Daniels didn’t know the woman on trial was Wallace’s mother and that there was no proof Wallace influenced Daniels’ decision.

Jackson, who had claimed self-defense, declined to speak at the hearing but several relatives did, including her 17-year-old son, Dustin Jackson. He told Nilon he loved and missed both his mother and stepfather, and called Kevin Jackson the only father he ever knew.

As for his mother, the tearful teen described how she changed from a fun-loving mom to a mean and spiteful woman who argued constantly with her husband and seldom left her room.

“I love her for what she was, but I hate her for what she became and what she’s done,” he said.

His mother wept quietly as her son and her husband’s family spoke to Nilon, but she didn’t look up or make eye contact as they passed the defense table.

Nilon said the case compounded tragedy upon tragedy, but the one that touched him most was the plight of Jackson’s two teenage children, left with one parent dead and the other forever incarcerated.

“My heart goes out to them immensely as well as other members of the family,” the judge said.

Source (www.jacksonville.com)

Officials: Cruse still unsuitable for execution



Officials: Cruse still unsuitable for execution


BY JOHN A. TORRES

FLORIDA TODAY


Nothing has changed regarding the mental status of death row inmate William Cruse, meaning the 81-year-old killer remains incompetent and unsuitable for execution.

A status hearing was held this morning at the Viera Courthouse and it was determined that Cruse remains mentally unstable. Another hearing will likely take place in six months.


Cruse was sentenced to death in 1989, two years after the retired librarian went on a shooting rampage in Palm Bay that left six people dead and more than a dozen injured. Among those he killed were two Palm Bay police officers.


Six years ago, he was ruled incompetent by the courts. Every six months, according to Florida law, a status hearing is held to see whether anything has changed.


During his nearly 20 years on death row, Cruse has spent 23 hours a day in his cell, according to Gretl Plessinger, spokeswoman for the state Department of Corrections. He is allowed a shower every other day and has had no visitors in years.


In rambling letters sent to FLORIDA TODAY, Cruse complained of mistreatment by prison staff and that he was being denied medical treatment.


State Attorney Norman Wolfinger has said he doubts Cruse would ever be executed.




Contact Torres at 242-3649 or jtorres@floridatoday.com


Sunday, July 19, 2009

Fuder acquitted


BY KATE MCCARDELL
FLORIDAN STAFF WRITER

Published: June 26, 2009

At approximately 5p.m. Thursday, a jury found Paul Eric Fuder not guilty of one count of first degree murder and two counts of attempted murder.

“The jury considered all of the evidence and came back with a right and just verdict,” defense attorney John Young Roberts said.

Fuder was accused of fatally shooting Belinda Marshall, 36, on Sept. 11, 2008 in Kynesville. Arising from the same incident, he was also accused of the attempted murder of Richard Nelson Jeffries and his own brother, Kevin Ryan Fuder.

The defense claimed Fuder fired shots in self-defense. The prosecution claimed Fuder “brought a pistol to a fist fight.”

The incident began at Midget’s Bar near U.S. Highway 231 with a bar brawl involving many patrons, including the Fuder brothers, Marshall and Jeffries.

It ended at Kynesville Highway and Standland Road, where Marshall died at the scene. Jeffries was shot and partially paralyzed, and Kevin Fuder suffered seven bullet wounds.

Closing arguments focused heavily on the number of bullet holes found at the scene versus the amount of bullets Fuder could have had in his 9mm.

The defense claimed there was another gun involved, fired by someone other than either of the Fuders.
Assistant state attorney Stan Peacock argued that Paul Fuder’s gun was outfitted with a clip that contained a large enough number of bullets to account for all of the bullet holes at the scene. Such a clip was never gathered as evidence.

After the verdict was read, Fuder’s family became emotional.

“Tell the kids their daddy’s coming home,” one woman cried into a phone.

Those who sided with the prosecution appeared unhappy with the verdict, but did not stay to comment.

For more on this story, read the Sunday edition of the Jackson County Floridan.

Roadside Camp for Miami Sex Offenders Leads to Lawsuit

By DAMIEN CAVE
MIAMI — They used to be invisible, the four or five convicted sex offenders camping out on the Julia Tuttle Causeway connecting Miami to Miami Beach. But for three years now — pushed by local laws that bar them from living within 2,500 feet of where children gather — more and more criminals have moved in.

“At first, I thought ‘Tuttle’ was a halfway house,” said Ricky Dorzena, 23, sitting in the encampment his probation officers recommended five months ago. “Then they said, ‘No, you’re staying under a bridge.’ ”

At least 70 convicted sex offenders live here now, in a shantytown on Biscayne Bay with trash piles clawed by crabs. It has become what even law enforcement officials call a public-safety hazard, produced by laws intended to keep the public safe.

On Thursday, the American Civil Liberties Union filed a lawsuit in state court to strike them down. The complaint argues that Miami-Dade County’s 2,500-foot restriction illegally pre-empts the state’s restriction of 1,000 feet, creating a situation in which sex offenders are more likely to flee supervision and commit new crimes.

Similar challenges to local residency restrictions in New York and New Jersey have recently succeeded in court, but legal experts say the Florida case will be watched closely because few states have tougher laws, or have drawn as much attention for child abductions — from Adam Walsh to Caylee Anthony.

“Florida is important because they have tested the bounds,” said Corey Rayburn Yung, an expert in sex-offender law at John Marshall Law School in Chicago. “If Florida’s courts are willing to say, ‘No, no, you can’t do this,’ then it’s a sign that most other courts would come out the same way.”

The camp is a community no one wants to exist. The first sex offenders here, like Patrick Wiese, 48, who said he served time in prison after having his stepdaughter touch him inappropriately, arrived nearly three years ago and would like to leave. Smoking a cigarette under the bridge on Thursday, Mr. Wiese said he wants to move to Homestead. He has money. He has a job at a sandwich shop, but cannot find an apartment that complies with the law.

“I’ve checked out 17 places,” he said, after displaying his Florida license, which lists his address as “Julia Tuttle Bridge.” “The probation officer says no.”

In the beginning, he said, the camp was small, without many problems. But lately, it has become more tense as the recession and the steady flow of former prisoners added residents.

Under the bridge on Thursday, tents and plywood shacks competed for space with rusty bicycles, a skinny cat, and a beige lawn chair. In a sign of the camp’s bereft permanence, a yellow electrical cord attached to a generator snaked through the camp flat against the ground, pounded by countless footsteps.

“Sometimes we have harmony, sometimes chaos,” Mr. Wiese said. Mr. Dorzena, who said he served 17 months in jail for having sex with a 14-year-old when he was 18, smoked a cigarette beside him. “Right now,” Mr. Wiese said, “we have so many people here, it’s chaos.”

The police agree.

John Timoney, the Miami police chief, said that on the Fourth of July, several officers used a stun gun against a man under the bridge who, in a fit of depression, began cutting himself with a knife, apparently in a suicide attempt. Chief Timoney predicted more violence.

He said he had told city, state and county officials that the men (only one or two women live there) needed to be moved to more permanent homes, even if it meant changing one or more laws. He has gotten mostly studies in return, along with politicians accusing one another of shirking responsibility.

“It’s like a hot potato,” Chief Timoney said. “Everyone is just passing it on.”

In fact, Jose Diaz — the county commissioner who sponsored the law establishing the 2,500-foot boundary in 2005 — said state corrections officials were to blame for placing sex offenders on state-owned land. He defended the county law by saying, “If I can save some kids from going through this agony, I’ve done my job.”

Gov. Charlie Crist, meanwhile, placed responsibility squarely on local governments, which have “the right to do what they feel is appropriate for the citizens that they serve.”

Gretl Plessinger, a spokeswoman for the State Department of Corrections, put the problem in a broader perspective: “It’s an issue that everybody needs to deal with.”

But as the camp’s continued existence shows, no one has — which is not a surprise, Mr. Rayburn Yung said. “These laws are always universally popular,” he said. “The public loves it.”

Only the courts may force a change. The A.C.L.U. lawsuit argues that extreme residency restrictions contribute to homelessness, and lead sex offenders to commit more crimes because they are “living in filth and squalor, remote from family life.”

For proof, it cites the state’s online list of registered sex offenders and predators, which shows that 236 offenders in Miami-Dade County have skipped out on their probation, including some who used to live under the bridge on the causeway.

Ms. Plessinger said corrections officials shared the A.C.L.U.’s concerns. Noting that living under an interstate was a last resort caused by lack of money and the strict local rules, she said: “It’s not a good situation. It’s not a good situation for probation officers. It’s not a good situation for the offenders under the bridge, but it’s also not a good situation for public safety in Miami-Dade.”

Gary Fineout contributed reporting from Tallahassee, Fla.

Girard man's death homicide

Tribune Chronicle

The death of a 62-year-old Girard man, who died in March after a stay in Lee County Jail in Florida, is a homicide the county's medical examiner ruled.

A restraint and pepper spraying by officers were factors in his death, the medical examiner reported, according to published reports.

Nicholas Christie, 62, of Girard, was arrested March 25. he was charged with disorderly intoxication and booked two days later on a trespassing charge.

$20K settlement reached in Naples jail suicide

The Associated Press

The daughter of an inmate who hanged himself in a southwest Florida jail has settled a lawsuit that alleged officials knew he was suicidal and didn't take the steps to prevent his death.
Records obtained by the Naples Daily News on Tuesday show Bridgette Williams settled the lawsuit involving Duane Robert Williams just before it was headed to trial last month. According to the settlement, Williams was paid $20,000 for her father's death, but the Collier County Sheriff's Office did not admit any liability or wrongdoing.

The inmate was found lying on the floor of his cell with a sheet tied around his neck in February 2004. He was arrested by Naples police on charges of domestic violence and child abuse the day before.

Thursday, July 16, 2009

As More States Weigh Improving Lineups, New Innocence Project Report Shows Extent of the Problem and Effectiveness of Reform


75% of wrongful convictions overturned with DNA testing involve eyewitness misidentification; 17 states in last two years have considered reforms

(New York, NY; July 16, 2009) —A report released today by the Innocence Project shows that while eyewitness identification is among the most prevalent and persuasive evidence used in courtrooms, it is not error-proof and is the leading cause of wrongful convictions that have been overturned with DNA testing.

The report comes as 17 states have considered legislation in the last two years to improve lineups. So far, nine states have taken action to prevent eyewitness misidentification, and the Innocence Project said it will focus on implementing reforms over the next year in 10 states, including New York, Texas, Kentucky, New Mexico, Ohio, Michigan and Rhode Island.

Titled “Reevaluating Lineups: Why Witnesses Make Mistakes and How to Reduce the Chance of a Misidentification,” the report lays out the overview of eyewitness misidentification and problems with traditional eyewitness identification procedures. It explains how to minimize the possibility of misidentification and outlines criminal justice reforms that are proven to reduce inaccurate eyewitness identifications.

“There is a growing understanding nationwide that eyewitness identification is often unreliable, and that simple reforms can reduce misidentifications,” said Stephen Saloom, Policy Director at the Innocence Project, which is affiliated with Cardozo School of Law. “This reports shows the extent of the problem, explains why eyewitnesses sometimes identify the wrong person, and outlines how police practices can be improved to result in more reliable evidence. The consequences of not improving lineups are stark: Investigations get derailed early in the process, and true perpetrators of crime remain free to commit additional violent crimes while innocent people are incarcerated.”

A series of reforms that are proven to reduce misidentifications have been developed by leading social scientists, endorsed by criminal justice organizations and successfully implemented in the field. The reforms include: double-blind presentation (photos or lineup members are presented by an administrator who does not know who the suspect is); lineup composition (the non-suspects included in a lineup resemble the eyewitness’s description of the perpetrator and the suspect should not stand out); witness instructions (the person viewing a lineup is told that the perpetrator may not be in the lineup but the investigation will continue regardless); confidence statements (at the time of identification, the eyewitness provides a statement in her own words indicating a level of confidence in the identification); recording of identification procedures (the identification is videotaped entirely); and sequential presentation (lineup members are presented one-by-one instead of side-by-side; because research is ongoing on this reform, the Innocence Project recommends it as an optional addition to the reforms above).

“Several states, cities and towns have already adopted the reforms and found them to be cost-effective and easily implemented,” the report found. “The benefits are extensive and include reinforcing the integrity of reliable identifications as well as reducing the rate of misidentifications.”

States that have taken steps to improve eyewitness identification through legislation include: New Jersey and North Carolina, which mandate blind-sequential policies; Georgia, which has statewide training; West Virginia, which mandates the use of certain reforms proven to increase the accuracy of eyewitness identifications; Vermont, which established a task force to explore and recommend enhanced eyewitness identification protocols; Maryland and Wisconsin, which require all jurisdictions statewide to enact written policies regarding the use of eyewitness identification procedures; Connecticut, which directed its Advisory Commission on Wrongful Convictions to monitor and evaluate implementation of double-blind administration of lineup procedures; and Virginia, where the Crime Commission studied misidentification cases and recommended improvements to eyewitness identification procedures including training and sequential presentation.

Disappointingly, there are no consistent standards for identification procedures from state to state or even from one police department to the next. Many police departments don’t even have a written policy, which often leads to inconsistency within a single station.

“We know from social science research and real-world experience that these reforms work. We’re looking forward to working with police and policymakers in several key states over the next year to help them understand the need to improve lineups and the benefits of these reforms,” Saloom said. “Victims are denied justice, innocent defendants are sent to prison and the public’s safety is at risk when real perpetrators go undetected.”

The findings in “Reevaluating Lineups: Why Witnesses Make Mistakes and How to Reduce the Chance of a Misidentification,” released today, include:

• 240 people, serving an average of 12 years in prison, have been exonerated through DNA testing in the United States, and 75% of those wrongful convictions (179 individual cases as of this report) involved eyewitness misidentification.

• In 38% of the misidentification cases, multiple eyewitnesses misidentified the same innocent person.

• Over 250 witnesses misidentified innocent suspects.

• 53% percent of the misidentification cases (among those where race is known) involved cross-racial misidentifications.

• In 50% of the misidentifications cases, eyewitness testimony was the central evidence used against the defendant (without other corroborating evidence like confessions, forensic science or informant testimony).

• In 36% of the misidentification cases, the real perpetrator was identified through DNA evidence.

• In at least 48% of the misidentification cases where a real perpetrator was later identified though DNA testing, that perpetrator went on to commit (and was convicted of) additional violent crimes (rape, murder, attempted murder, etc.) after an innocent person was serving time in prison for his previous crime.

Source (Innocent Project)

Tuesday, July 14, 2009

TWO MORE DEATH ROW INMATES EXONERATED IN ILLINOIS AND FLORIDA

PRESS RELEASE: CONTACT: Corinne Farrell
July 13, 2009 Communications Director
(202) 289-2275, cfarrell@deathpenaltyinfo.org

Five Inmates Have Been Freed in 2009 Alone
WASHINGTON, DC – All charges were dismissed against Ronald Kitchen and he was released
from prison in Illinois after spending almost 13 years on death row for murders prosecutors now
concede cannot be proven. A few days later, Herman Lindsey was released from Florida’s death
row after the state’s Supreme Court ruled unanimously that his case lacked sufficient evidence of
guilt. Five people have now been exonerated from death row in 2009, bringing the total number ofpeople exonerated since 1973 to 135. Fifty-one of these exonerations have occurred since the start of 2000.
On July 7, 2009, Ronald Kitchen was released from prison as prosecutors dropped all charges
against him and his co-defendant, citing insufficient evidence to retry them for five murders that
occurred in 1988. "It really hasn't hit me yet," said Kitchen, upon leaving the courts building after serving more than two decades in prison for the murders. "It's, like, surreal.”
The Illinois attorney general’s office conducted DNA tests that were unavailable at the time of the murder and found nothing incriminating against either Kitchen or his co-defendant, Marvin Reeves.
Kitchen’s case and about 20 others were turned over to the attorney general’s office for review by Judge Paul Biebel after allegations of torture arose. After re-investigating the court record and the evidence, the office concluded that the evidence was too weak to continue. Deputy Chief of Staff for Illinois Atty. Gen. Lisa Madigan, Cara Smith, said, "We conducted a very thorough and independent investigation ... and determined that we could not sustain our burden of proof.”
Kitchen’s case is yet another exoneration linked to disgraced former Chicago Police Commander
Jon Burge. Kitchen had claimed that detectives under Burge’s command coerced him into
confessing to the murders through torture, including hitting him in the head with a telephone,
punching him in the face, striking him in the groin, and kicking him. Years after Kitchen’s
conviction, Police Commander Burge was fired after the Police Department Review Board ruled
that he had used torture. Burge currently awaits trial on charges of obstruction of justice and perjury in relation to a civil suit regarding the torture allegations against him.
Kitchen is the 134th person to be exonerated from death row and the 20th in Illinois since 1973.
“The five exonerations this year demonstrate that innocent people still face a significant danger of execution in this country,” said Richard Dieter, Executive Director of the Death Penalty
Information Center. “The risks posed by the death penalty are far too high to allow this process to continue. Such a high error rate would not be tolerated in any other area of society where human lives are at stake.”
In the second case, the Florida Supreme Court ruled unanimously on July 9, 2009, that Herman
Lindsey be acquitted and freed from death row, holding that there was insufficient evidence to
convict him. Lindsey had been convicted in 2006 of a murder that had occurred 12 years earlier.
The court said that “the state failed to produce any evidence in this case placing Lindsey at the scene of the crime at the time of the murder,” and that the evidence presented was “equally consistent with a reasonable hypothesis of innocence.”
According to DPIC’s Innocence List, Lindsey is the 135th person to be exonerated from death row since the death penalty was reinstated and the fifth person exonerated from death row in 2009. Lindsey is the 23rd exoneration in Florida -- the state that leads the country in death row
exonerations. DPIC’s Innocence List consists of former death row inmates who have been acquitted of all charges related to the crime that placed them on death row; had all charges dismissed by the prosecution; or been granted a complete pardon based on evidence of innocence.
To arrange an interview with DPIC’s Executive Director, Richard Dieter, or for more information
about the Innocence List, please contact Corinne Farrell at (202) 289-2275 or
cfarrell@deathpenaltyinfo.org.

Source (Death Penalty Information Center)

Thursday, July 9, 2009

Florida Supreme Court opinion in Herman Lindsey

Supreme Court of Florida
No. SC07-1167
HERMAN LINDSEY, Appellant, vs. STATE OF FLORIDA,
Appellee. [July 9, 2009] PER CURIAM.

Herman Lindsey appeals from a conviction of first-degree murder and a sentence of death.1 Because we find the evidence presented at trial legally insufficient to support the convictions, we reverse and direct that a judgment of acquittal be entered. See Ballard v. State, 923 So. 2d 475 (Fla. 2006). I. FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

1. We have jurisdiction. See art. V, § 3(b)(1), Fla. Const.

The felony murder charge against Lindsey resulted from the shooting death of Joanne Mazollo, who was killed during the course of a pawn shop robbery on April 19, 1994. Ms. Mazollo‘s body was found in the back room of the Big Dollar

pawn shop where she had worked as a clerk. The medical examiner concluded that Ms. Mazollo died from a single gunshot wound to the head and that her death was likely instantaneous. Twelve years later, in 2006, Lindsey was charged with the crime, adjudicated guilty, and sentenced to death. The evidence presented at Lindsey‘s trial established that, between 8:00 and 8:30 on the morning of the murder, the owner of the pawn shop, Gerald Singer, went to Big Dollar to set up the store for the day. He spoke to Ms. Mazollo by phone around 9:30 a.m. that morning, as was his routine, and she let him know that she had arrived and everything was okay. Thereafter, around 10:30 a.m., Singer called the shop several times but Ms. Mazollo did not answer. Concerned, Singer got in his car and drove to Big Dollar, where he discovered her dead body slumped in a chair in the back room. Singer testified that between five and seven firearms were missing from the store and that the cash drawer he had filled that morning was empty. Additionally, he stated there were around fifty individual envelopes of jewelry and a blue velvet Crown Royal bag containing jewelry missing from the safe in the back room.

In October 1995, Lindsey gave a taped statement to police, which was played for the jury, in which he implicated Ronnie LoRay2 for the crime. He said

2. LoRay is currently incarcerated for second-degree murder for the death of Ms. Mazollo and the robbery of Big Dollar pawn shop. LoRay was arrested in December 2005, a few months before Lindsey was charged.

that on the day of the robbery, LoRay came over to his house and was very upset. He said that LoRay said that .they. robbed a place and that he heard a shot but did not know if the woman was dead or not. Lindsey said LoRay had gold jewelry in his pockets, a few hundred dollars, and a gun. Lindsey admitted being in the store prior to the crime and pawning his Sega under a false name. He also admitted that he sometimes helped LoRay get rid of stolen merchandise. But he denied being involved in the robbery. The prosecution also played portions of three separate phone conversations Lindsey made from prison. During one of those conversations, Lindsey claimed that he was home with his wife at the time of the crime. In a subsequent call to his mother, Lindsey stated that he was afraid that, because the police had LoRay‘s fingerprints, LoRay would try to get a deal with the police by implicating Lindsey. Lindsey said he needed to talk to LoRay and assure him that he would not betray him and to let him know he was not alone. He also stated that he believed that his ex-wife was going to implicate him for the crime.

Several witnesses who testified for the State presented evidence by which the State sought to establish Lindsey‘s guilt. First, Demeatres Gause (.Nikki.), Lindsey‘s ex-wife, testified that a few days before the murder, she went to Big Dollar with Lindsey and LoRay and that the clerk in the store greeted Lindsey as if she knew him. She further testified that, on the morning of the murder, Lindsey

was not in the apartment where she sometimes stayed with him when she awoke between 10:30 and 11:00 a.m., although she admitted he could have been downstairs. Then later, sometime before noon, Lindsey and LoRay arrived at the apartment together, just before the story of the Big Dollar robbery and Ms. Mazollo‘s murder appeared on the twelve o‘clock news. Nikki noted that Lindsey asked her to turn up the volume on the news report.

At some point later, Nikki discovered a Crown Royal bag containing jewelry in a closet in the apartment, and she indicated that it had not been there before.3 Nikki also admitted that several other people lived at the apartment where she only .sometimes. stayed with Lindsey, including Ronnie LoRay, a girl named Marvet, and Marvet‘s children. But she said that Lindsey eventually sold the jewelry at a flea market, that she never asked him about the jewelry, and that Lindsey never told her anything about it or the murder and robbery of the pawn shop.

3. Although the State contended in its opening argument that Nikki would testify that Lindsey and LoRay came into the apartment on the morning of the robbery and murder carrying bags of jewelry, her actual testimony at trial was that she saw a Crown Royal bag of jewelry in a closet at some later date.

Next, Alfonzer Harrold, described as a very close friend of Nikki‘s, testified that he occasionally hung out with Lindsey and LoRay and that the three of them went to Big Dollar pawn shop the day before the murder. Harrold said they were looking around as if they were going to buy something. At first, there was a

woman working there alone but then a man came out of the back room so they all left a few minutes later. The next day, LoRay and Lindsey came over to Harrold‘s house, and Harrold noticed that LoRay was wearing a new bracelet. Harrold said he later told the police what he knew because he hoped to receive a $1,000 reward that he could use to buy cocaine. Mark Simms also testified for the State about some comments Lindsey made to him. Simms stated that he met Lindsey in jail on May 20, 1994, about a month after the crime at Big Dollar. A few days later, the two men had a .macho. conversation about robberies. Simms admitted to Lindsey that he was involved in a robbery where someone got shot but not killed. Lindsey replied that Simms should have handled the situation better and that Simms should have killed the person because he saw Simms‘s face. Lindsey also told Simms that he had to do that once. Lindsey said he had to kill someone. Simms admitted he had no idea what Lindsey was talking about at the time. Other evidence revealed that LoRay‘s fingerprint was found on a stun gun box that was located in the back room of Big Dollar pawn shop next to the safe. And Lindsey‘s thumbprint was recovered from a pawn slip dated March 31, 1994, under the name of David Ashley, the name Lindsey used to pawn his Sega.

At the conclusion of the presentation of the evidence, Lindsey moved for judgment of acquittal, contending that the evidence was insufficient for a

conviction and that the State failed to prove its case. The trial court denied the motion. II. ISSUES ON APPEAL

On appeal, Lindsey raises eighteen issues: (1) the trial court erred in admitting irrelevant testimony; (2) the trial court erred in denying Lindsey‘s motion for judgment of acquittal; (3) the trial court erred in allowing a witness to testify that the victim knew Lindsey; (4) the trial court erred in allowing the State to redact a portion of Lindsey‘s statements; (5) the trial court erred in admitting evidence that Lindsey had been in jail; (6) the trial court erred in denying Lindsey‘s motion to dismiss the indictment; (7) the trial court erred in admitting an autopsy photo into evidence; (8) the trial court erred in sending unrequested evidence to the jury; (9) the trial court erred in denying Lindsey‘s request for a new trial; (10) the trial court erred in finding the avoid arrest aggravator; (11) the trial court erred in denying Lindsey‘s request for a special jury instruction; (12) the trial court erred in instructing the jury on the avoid arrest aggravator; (13) the death sentence is not proportionate to the crime; (14) the trial court erred in allowing the prosecution to question Lindsey about guilt phase issues during the penalty phase; (15) the trial court erred in allowing the prosecution to impeach Curtis Fox; (16) the trial court erred in giving great weight to the jury‘s recommendation of the

death sentence; (17) Florida‘s death penalty law is unconstitutional; and (18) Florida‘s felony murder aggravator is unconstitutional. Because we find that the trial court erred in denying Lindsey‘s motion for a judgment of acquittal, we do not address the other issues. III. ANALYSIS Preliminarily, we note that this case is based completely on circumstantial evidence. And, .where a conviction is based wholly upon circumstantial evidence, a special standard of review applies.. Reynolds v. State, 934 So. 2d 1128, 1145 (Fla. 2006) (quoting Darling v. State, 808 So. 2d 145, 155 (Fla. 2002)). The special standard requires that the circumstances lead .to a reasonable and moral certainty that the accused and no one else committed the offense charged. It is not sufficient that the facts create a strong probability of, and be consistent with, guilt. They must be inconsistent with innocence.. Frank v. State, 163 So. 223, 223 (Fla. 1935). And, in order for the facts to be .consistent with the defendant‘s guilt,. the State must establish every element of the offense. Pagan v. State, 830 So. 2d 792, 803 (Fla. 2002). As this Court has explained,

[e]vidence which furnishes nothing stronger than a suspicion, even though it would tend to justify the suspicion that the defendant committed the crime, it is not sufficient to sustain conviction. It is the actual exclusion of the hypothesis of innocence which clothes circumstantial evidence with the force of proof sufficient to convict. Circumstantial evidence which leaves uncertain several hypotheses, any one of which may be sound and some of which may be entirely consistent with innocence, is not adequate to sustain a verdict of guilt.

Even though the circumstantial evidence is sufficient to suggest a probability of guilt, it is not thereby adequate to support a conviction if it is likewise consistent with a reasonable hypothesis of innocence. Ballard, 923 So. 2d at 482 (quoting Davis v. State, 90 So. 2d 629, 631-32 (Fla. 1956)). And, .[a]lthough the jury is the trier of fact, a conviction of guilt must be reversed on appeal if it is not supported by competent, substantial evidence.. Id. (quoting Crain v. State, 894 So. 2d 59, 71 (Fla. 2004)).

In Ballard, we held that it is the duty of .the courts to ensure that the State is held to its burden of proof when someone is charged with a serious crime and liberty and life are at risk. . . . [When a] case is purely circumstantial, we must determine whether competent evidence is present to support an inference of guilt =to the exclusion of all other inferences.‘ . Id. at 485 (quoting Crain, 894 So. 2d at 71). In Ballard, investigators determined that one of the four fingerprints found on the bed frame near the victim‘s upper torso belonged to the defendant. Id. at 478. In addition, a forensic scientist determined that one of several hairs found in the hand of the victim was consistent with the arm hair of Ballard; but he was unable to determine whether Ballard‘s arm hair had fallen out naturally or if it had been forcibly removed. Id. at 479-80. At the close of the State‘s evidence, .Ballard moved for a judgment of acquittal, contending that there was a reasonable hypothesis of innocence in that the only evidence that linked Ballard to the case

[was] equally consistent with the fact that he was often a guest in [the victims‘] apartment.. Id. at 481. This Court agreed. It stated: In capital cases, this Court has recognized that it has a fundamental obligation to ascertain whether the State has presented sufficient evidence to support a conviction. Ballard contends that although the State proved that [the victims] were robbed and killed, and one of his hairs and fingerprints was in the apartment, the State failed to prove that Ballard was the perpetrator of those crimes. Id. at 482.

We find that the present case is controlled by Ballard in that the State‘s evidence, while perhaps sufficient to create some suspicion, is simply not sufficient to support a conviction. The entire circumstantial case against Lindsey consists of the following evidence: (1) a Crown Royal bag containing jewelry was taken during the robbery of Big Dollar pawn shop; (2) Nikki found a Crown Royal bag containing jewelry in a closet of an apartment where she sometimes stayed with Lindsey and several other individuals, including LoRay; (2) Lindsey eventually sold the jewelry from the bag in the closet at a flea market; (3) Lindsey told Simms that Simms should always kill witnesses to crimes and that Lindsey had to do that. No evidence shows that the bag of jewelry Nikki found in the closet is the same bag of jewelry that was missing from the pawn shop safe. In addition, no evidence shows that Lindsey placed the bag in the closet or that he ever had possession of it before he sold the items at a flea market. Furthermore, while we specifically decline to address whether Simms‘s testimony was even admissible on relevancy

grounds, we nevertheless find that there is nothing in Lindsey‘s statements to Simms that, when combined with all the other evidence, is sufficient to convict him for the murder of Ms. Mazollo. The State established that Lindsey made several visits to the pawn shop prior to the murder and that Ms. Mazollo appeared to know him. Yet, the State failed to produce any evidence in this case placing Lindsey at the scene of the crime at the time of the murder. Even if Lindsey was not home at the time the crime occurred, it does not mean that he was out robbing the Big Dollar pawn shop or killing Ms. Mazollo. Indeed, we find that the evidence here is equally consistent with a reasonable hypothesis of innocence. Even if the State had proved that the bag of jewelry Nikki discovered was the same bag of jewelry missing from the pawn shop, it would not be dispositive here because LoRay, as well as several other people, had access to the closet where Nikki discovered the bag containing jewelry; and Lindsey admitted that he sometimes helped LoRay get rid of stolen merchandise.

Consequently, we find that the evidence presented to support an inference of guilt does not exclude all other inferences. While we agree that the evidence here does seem suspicious, even a .deep suspicion the appellant committed the crime charged is not sufficient to sustain conviction.. Williams v. State, 143 So. 2d 484,

488 (Fla. 1962); see also Ballard, 923 So. 2d at 482 (.Suspicions alone cannot satisfy the State‘s burden of proving guilt beyond a reasonable doubt . . . ..). IV. CONCLUSION Accordingly, we conclude that the evidence here is insufficient to support Lindsey‘s conviction. Therefore, we reverse and vacate the conviction and sentence and remand with directions that a judgment of acquittal be entered. It is so ordered. QUINCE, C.J., and PARIENTE, LEWIS, CANADY, POLSTON, LABARGA, and PERRY, JJ., concur. QUINCE, C.J., concurs with an opinion, in which PARIENTE and PERRY, JJ., concur. NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO FILE REHEARING MOTION, AND IF FILED, DETERMINED. QUINCE, C.J., concurring. I concur in the majority‘s decision that the evidence is insufficient to support Lindsey‘s conviction, but write separately because I find the State‘s line of questioning of Lindsey during the penalty phase improperly exceeded the scope of cross-examination and that the trial court erred in allowing the prosecution to question Lindsey about guilt phase issues.

During the penalty phase, Lindsey took the stand and testified during direct examination solely about his family and childhood. Then, on cross-examination, the prosecution began by asking, .Mr. Lindsey, tell me about the first time you met

the lady at the pawn shop.. Defense counsel timely objected, and a sidebar conference ensued. At sidebar, the State argued that the defense brought in the guilt phase because it had presented witnesses during the penalty phase to attack the credibility of State witness Mark Simms. The court ruled: .What‘s good, as they say, for the gander. Going to, of course, the aggravating circumstances. You can‘t go into every last thing, but going into the aggravating circumstances, those specifically relating to the Simms‘ issues. Overruled.. Thereafter, the prosecution continued to question Lindsey about Joanne Mazollo and the pawn shop: Prosecutor: Tell me about the first time you met the lady at the pawn shop. Lindsey: I don‘t remember. Prosecutor: Okay. You don‘t remember going in and pawning something under the name of David Ashley? Lindsey: Yes, I do remember that. Prosecutor: And you don‘t remember the lady who was there? Lindsey: Not right off hand, no. Prosecutor: When we heard your ex-wife Nikki testify that she was in the pawn shop with you a couple of days before the murder, and you and the woman greeted each other, because you knew each other, tell me about that. Lindsey: She said that when I came in it was like we knew each other. Any place I go, I always show respect for the person that‘s there. Prosecutor: So you were there, met the lady that day. Tell me what you remember about it. Lindsey: I‘m not saying I was there that particular day. I‘m just saying, when I go into places, I‘d be respectful of people. Prosecutor: Okay. How about the day before the murder? Lindsey: I don‘t recall. Prosecutor: Do you recall when you went back in there with Ronnie LoRay and Alfonzer Harrold?

Lindsey: I don‘t recall that. Prosecutor: You don‘t remember that? Lindsey: No, I don‘t remember that. Prosecutor: She was seated in a chair. She didn‘t resist you, did she? Defense: Objection. Argumentative. Court: Sustained. Prosecutor: Why did you put a gun to her head and pull the trigger? Lindsey: I didn‘t. Defense: Objection, Your Honor, goes to— Prosecutor: Goes to why he did it. Defense: —what we said at sidebar. Court: Overruled. Prosecutor: Why did you do that? Lindsey: I didn‘t. Prosecutor: So the jury is wrong? Lindsey: I think the jury is mistaken. Section 90.612 (2), Florida Statutes (2006), provides: Cross-examination of a witness is limited to the subject matter of the direct examination and matters affecting the credibility of the witness. The court may, in its discretion, permit inquiry into additional matters.

.Thus, as a general rule, the questions on cross-examination must be no more broad in scope than those on direct.. Green v. State, 688 So. 2d 301, 305 (Fla. 1996) (holding that it was error to allow questions on cross-examination related to a witness‘s prior use of alcohol when questions on direct were limited to use of alcohol on the night of the murder); Salas v. State, 972 So. 2d 941, 956 (Fla. 5th DCA 2007) (.[C]ross examination must relate to credibility of the witness or be germane to the matters brought out on direct examination..) (citing Steinhorst v. State, 412 So. 2d 332, 337 (Fla. 1982)). These rules regarding cross-examination

apply to all witnesses, including a defendant who takes the witness stand as Lindsey did in this case. This Court has also defined the permissible scope of cross-examination as follows: When the direct examination opens a general subject, the cross-examination may go into any phase, and may not be restricted to mere parts . . . or to the specific facts developed by the direct examination. Cross-examination should always be allowed relative to the details of an event or transaction a portion only of which has been testified to on direct examination. As has been stated, cross-examination is not confined to the identical details testified to in chief, but extends to its entire subject matter, and to all matters that may modify, supplement, contradict, rebut or make clearer the facts testified to in chief. Zerquera v. State, 549 So. 2d 189, 192 (Fla. 1989) (quoting Coxwell v. State, 361 So. 2d 148, 151 (Fla. 1978)). And if a party wishes to elicit testimony on cross-examination that goes beyond what has been testified to in the direct examination, he must make the witness his own. Steinhorst, 412 So. 2d at 337. To be clear, a party cannot use cross-examination as a vehicle for presenting evidence. Id.

Here, the prosecution‘s questioning of Lindsey greatly exceeded the allowable scope of cross-examination. Lindsey never broached the subject of Mazollo or the pawn shop murder during his direct examination. Rather, Lindsey‘s testimony on direct was limited solely to his childhood and his relationship with his family. The prosecutor‘s entire questioning of Lindsey on cross-examination regarding Mazollo (i.e., how Lindsey knew the woman at the

pawn shop; the fact that the woman was seated and did not resist Lindsey; why Lindsey put the gun to the woman‘s head and pulled the trigger) had nothing to do with Lindsey‘s relationship with his family or his childhood. Thus, the trial court abused its discretion in allowing the prosecution to exceed the scope of direct during its cross-examination of Lindsey during the penalty phase. See Salas, 972 So. 2d at 956 (.An appellate court reviews a trial court‘s ruling concerning the scope of cross-examination for an abuse of discretion..). I conclude that this error was not harmless. The prosecution‘s comments were not only improper, but were also prejudicial and made with the apparent goal of inflaming the jury. Therefore, it cannot be concluded that these comments did not affect the jury‘s decision to impose the death penalty. See State v. DiGuilio, 491 So. 2d 1129, 1135 (Fla. 1986). PARIENTE and PERRY, JJ., concur. An Appeal from the Circuit Court in and for Broward County, Eileen M. O‘Connor, Judge – Case No. 06004260CF10A Carey Haughwout, Public Defender, and Jeffrey L. Anderson, Assistant Public Defender, Fifteenth Judicial Circuit, West Palm Beach, Florida, for Appellant Bill McCollum, Attorney General, Tallahassee, Florida, and Lisa-Marie Lerner, Assistant Attorney General, West Palm Beach, Florida, for Appellee

Florida Supreme Court frees Death Row inmate in 1994 Broward murder




Florida Supreme Court frees Death Row inmate in 1994 Broward murder


http://www.miamiherald.com/news/breaking-news/story/1134309.html


Herman Lindsey, 36, was convicted in 2006 of the murder of Joanne Mazollo at the Big Dollar pawn shop.



BY MARC CAPUTO
Herald/Times Tallahassee Bureau


TALLAHASSEE -- The Florida Supreme Court unanimously ordered Thursday that a Death Row inmate be set free because there wasn't enough evidence to convict him of murdering a Fort Lauderdale pawn shop worker.

Three justices went a step further than their colleagues, issuing a separate opinion that said the Broward County court ''erred'' by allowing a prosecutor to inflame jurors when they were deciding whether to recommend the death sentence for Herman Lindsey.
Lindsey, 36, was convicted in 2006 of the murder of Joanne Mazollo at the Big Dollar pawn shop. That happened 12 years before, but the cold case was cracked by a Fort Lauderdale police detective.


During trial, prosecutors presented numerous pieces of evidence suggesting Lindsey and another man, Ronnie LoRay, committed the crime. LoRay later pleaded guilty. A damning statement against Lindsey, who has a long criminal record, came from a former Broward County jail inmate who said Lindsey admitted to having murdered a witness in a robbery.

''While we agree that the evidence here does seem suspicious, even a deep suspicion the appellant committed the crime charged is not sufficient to sustain conviction,'' the court ruled.
After his conviction, Lindsey tried to persuade jurors to spare him from the death penalty. The prosecutor, whose name was not listed in the court ruling, should have asked Lindsey about his childhood during this phase of the case.

But the prosecutor, instead, asked Lindsey about the details of the crime.

''Why did you put a gun to her head and pull the trigger?'' the prosecutor asked. ''I didn't,'' Lindsey said.


Lindsey's lawyer objected, but he was overruled. The prosecutor continued, and then asked Lindsey, ``so the jury is wrong?'

''I think the jury is mistaken,'' Lindsey answered.

None of that should have happened, wrote Justice Peggy A. Quince.

''The trial court abused its discretion,'' Quince wrote. ``This error was not harmless. The prosecution's comments were not only improper but were also prejudicial and made with the apparent goal of inflaming the jury.''

Neither prosecutors, the defense nor the Broward Circuit judge, Eileen M. O'Connor, could be reached.

Marc Caputo can be reached at mcaputo@MiamiHerald.com.

Tuesday, July 7, 2009

Ex-prison officer sentenced for pouring scalding water on inmate


By Lise Fisher
Staff writer

Published: Monday, July 6, 2009 at 6:34 p.m.
Last Modified: Monday, July 6, 2009 at 6:34 p.m.
A former Florida State Prison corrections officer, convicted earlier this year of throwing scalding water on an inmate, was sentenced Monday to three years in prison in a federal court in Jacksonville, the U.S. Department of Justice reported.

Paul Tillis, 44, had been convicted in January on a federal civil rights charge related to assaulting an inmate, according to the federal agency. His prison sentence will be followed by two years of post-release supervision.

Tillis had been accused of pouring the hot water, which was between 159 and 180 degrees, on inmate Jerry Williams' chest, causing second-degree burns, prosecutors said. The incident occurred in August 2005. At the time, Williams was fabricating a suicide attempt so he could be transferred to a psychological treatment facility, according to the DOJ.

Sentencing guidelines had set a sentence for Tillis ranging from about seven years to nine years in prison.

Tillis' defense had argued for a downward departure, noting he had no prior criminal history and had received regular, positive reviews from his employer during his more than seven years as a corrections officer, court records show. Many of those years he was assigned to the disciplinary confinement wing of the prison, including when the incident occurred.

Numerous letters of support, some from family and others from members of the community, were forwarded to the court before Tillis' sentence, supporting him and asking for leniency, court records show. Some of the letters described Tillis as a family man with children, a "gentle giant" and a "good man who made a gross error in judgment." Among those who wrote letters were Union County Sheriff Jerry Whitehead, Union County Library Director Mary Brown, Lake Butler City Commissioner Brantley Crawford and Lake Butler Mayor Jimmy Beasley. None spoke about the facts of the case but rather about their personal impressions of Tillis.

The Florida Department of Corrections could not immediately provide additional information Monday about Williams or why he had been sentenced to prison. The state agency initiated an investigation into the alleged abused and later turned it over to federal authorities, according to the DOC.

Tillis resigned from the DOC in 2008, the DOJ reported.

Saturday, July 4, 2009

Legal scholar Austin Sarat about the death penalty




Legal scholar Austin Sarat writes,

"State killing is part of a strategy of governance

that makes us fearful and dependent on the illusion of state protection,

that divides rather than unites,

that promises simple solutions to complex problems."

Attorney To Justices: Richard Marek Not A Killer



Jul 1, 2009 5:29 pm US/Eastern

Attorney To Justices: Richard Marek Not A Killer


TALLAHASSEE (CBS4) ―




The Florida Supreme Court heard from the attorney for John Marek, seen here.


The man facing death for the 1983 kidnapping, rape and murder of a Broward woman should be spared, his attorney argued Wednesday, because he didn't kill the woman. The lawyer for Richard John Marek told the Florida Supreme Court that Marek's co-defendent was the actual killer, and urged his client not face death.


The justices previously stayed Marek's scheduled May 13 execution so a new trial judge could hear his appeal, which includes the argument he should get life in prison — the same sentence as co-defendant Raymond Wigley.


Marek, 47, was convicted of the June 1983 kidnapping, rape and strangulation of Adella Marie Simmons, whose body was found in a lifeguard stand on a Broward County beach.


Wigley, who was killed in prison by another inmate in 2000, had driven from Texas to Florida with Marek. They picked up the victim, a 45-year-old administrator at Barry University, on Florida's Turnpike where her car had broken down.


Each claimed the other had killed the woman. Both were separately convicted of first-degree murder but received different sentences.


Marek's appeal is based on new testimony from six witnesses who had been in prison with Wigley.


They said Wigley had confessed in conversations they either had with him or overheard. One witness said Wigley told him he strangled Simmons so she couldn't identify him after he had raped her.


Marek's lawyer, Martin McClain, told the justices the testimony raised enough doubt to require a reduced sentence even if insufficient to prove which man was the killer.


"If it's 50-50 they should get the same sentence," McClain said. "It should be a life sentence for both of them."


The new trial judge rejected that argument June 19.


Assistant Attorney General Carolyn Snurkowski told the justices that other evidence showed Marek was the killer. She got some help from Justice Charles Canady, who reminded her about psychological evidence that portrayed Wigley as a follower rather than a leader and Marek as a dominant personality.


Snurkowski agreed, saying a mental health expert concluded "Wigley was a wimp."


Some of the other justices appeared to have a harder time with the issue.


Justice R. Fred Lewis told Snurkowksi he found McClain's argument compelling. She replied that Wigley's statements in prison were just bragging to make himself look tough.


Snurkowski also argued Marek deserved death no matter who killed Simmons because he was the mastermind.


"It was Marek who did all the talking" when police questioned them, she said.


McClain, though, told the justices there was no evidence either man had planned to kill Simmons when they had picked her up.


The justices did not immediately rule.


McClain also asked for a new trial but later acknowledged he had little hope the high court would overturn Marek's conviction.

Brady claims confirmed in 11 circuit in Derrick Smith

Juan Melendez exonerated in Florida

From the 11 circuit court opinion in Derrick Smith



http://www.oranous.com/florida/DerrickSmith/Smith%2011th%20Cir%20Opinion%206-30-09.txt

http://www.oranous.com/florida/DerrickSmith/Smith%2011th%20Cir%20Opinion%206-30-09.pdf



FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT FILED U.S. COURT OF APPEALS ELEVENTH CIRCUIT JUNE 30, 2009 No. 07-14173 THOMAS K. KAHN CLERK D. C. Docket No. 06-01330-CV-EAK-MAP DERRICK TYRONE SMITH, Petitioner-Appellant, versus SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA, Respondents-Appellees. Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida (June 30, 2009) Before DUBINA, Chief Judge, CARNES and HULL, Circuit Judges. CARNES, Circuit Judge:



Conclusion :



In conclusion, the district court’s judgment denying the habeas petition is AFFIRMED except as it concerns six Brady claims. Those six Brady claims are the ones enumerated supra at 49 and discussed in Part V. B., supra. As to those six Brady claims the district court’s judgment is VACATED and the case is REMANDED for the limited purpose of having the district court conduct for those six claims a cumulative prejudice analysis as required by the Kyles decision, 514 U.S. at 434, 115 S. Ct. at 1566, and as directed by this opinion. Depending on the outcome of that analysis, the district court should then enter a new judgment either granting or denying the habeas petition. AFFIRMED IN PART, VACATED IN PART, AND REMANDED FOR FURTHER PROCEEDINGS CONSISTENT WITH THIS OPINION.

Florida Supreme Court hears case of condemned South Florida killer

From Broward Circuit Court





Florida Supreme Court hears case of condemned South Florida killer



By Tonya Alanez South Florida Sun Sentinel
10:44 AM EDT, July 1, 2009



http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/local/breakingnews/sfl-marek-hearing-bn070109,0,2641225.story

John Richard Marek, 47, during a recent court appearance before Broward Circuit Judge Peter Weinstein. (Lou Toman, File / May 7, 2009)


TALLAHASSEE - The Florida Supreme Court again this morning heard an attorney for a Death Row inmate make a plea for his client's life.




John Richard Marek, 47, is under an active death warrant for the 1983 murder of a woman whose strangled and raped body was found in a Dania Beach lifeguard shack.




Attorney Martin McClain argued that because Marek's co-defendant, Raymond Wigley, received a life sentence for his part in the crime, Marek should as well.




The state's high court in May indefinitely postponed Marek's execution for the slaying of Adela Marie Simmons, 45, a Barry University administrator.





Marek and Wigley had picked her up on Florida's Turnpike where her car broke down.




Since the postponement, two Broward Circuit Court judges have held separate hearings and listened to testimony from prison inmates who said Wigley, told them he, not Marek, was the actual strangler.




Wigley was murdered in prison in 2000 while serving his life sentence.




The Broward Circuit judges, Peter Weinstein and Jeffrey Levenson, both rejected the inmates' testimony as hearsay and declined to recommend a new trial or sentencing for Marek.




McClain argued that the testimony from the six inmates should be taken into account."It becomes muddled as to who did what," McClain said.




"If it's fifty-fifty, they [Marek and Wigley] should get the same sentence."




Arguing on behalf of the state, Carolyn Snurkowsi, of the Attorney General's Office, urged the justices to affirm the Broward judges' findings that the new witnesses were not credible.




The record shows, she said, that Marek was the one who approached the victim, did all the talking and offered a ride for help."




Mr. Marek was the more dominant one and nothing, nothing about these six witnesses changes that," Snurkowski said. "Mr. Marek was the one who set the process in motion."




The final say is now up to the Florida Supreme Court.

The transcript from oral argument in John Marek

http://johnmarek.us/legal/09-1080.htm

The following is a real-time transcript taken as closed captioning during the oral argument proceedings, and as such, may contain errors. This service is provided solely for the purpose of assisting those with disabilities and should be used for no other purpose. These are not legal documents, and may not be used as legal authority. This transcript is not an official document of the Florida Supreme Court.


John Marek v. State of Florida
SC09-1080

>> PLEASE RISE.HEAR YE, HEAR YE, HEAR YE.THE SUPREME COURT OF FLORIDA IS NOW IN SESSION.ALL WHO HAVE CAUSE TO PLEA, DRAW NEAR.GIVE ATTENTION AND YOU SHALL BE HEARD.GOD SAVE THIS UNITED STATES, THIS GREAT STATE OF FLORIDA AND THIS HONORABLE COURT.LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, THE FLORIDA SUPREME COMFORT PLEASE BE SEATED.>>


GOOD MORNING AND WELCOME TO THIS SESSION OF THE FLORIDA SUPREME COURT.THE ONLY CASE ON THE COURT'S DOCKET THIS MORNING IS MAREK VERSUS STATE, ARE THE PARTIES READY TO PROCEED? MR. McCLAIN.

>> THANK YOU, PLEASE THE COURT... [INAUDIBLE]. >> PLEASE TALK INTO THE MIC.>> SORRY. USUALLY HAVE -- MY VOICE IS NOT A PROBLEM IN TERMS OF MILDNESS.

THIS IS A APPEAL FROM THE DENIAL OF A -- 38TH DISTRICT MOTION, I WILL FOCUS MY ARGUMENT ON THE NEWLY DISCOVERED EVIDENCE CLAIM WHICH IS THIS FIRST ONE ADDRESSED IN THE BRIEF AND IF THERE ARE ANY QUESTIONS ABOUT ANYTHING ELSE, CERTAINLY I AM WILLING TO ANSWER THEM.

AT THE EVIDENTIARY HEARING THAT OCCURRED ON JUNE 1ST AND 2ND THERE WERE SIX WITNESSES, WHO -- NEWLY DISCOVERED WITNESSES PRESENTED AND OF THOSE, ONE OF WHICH LEON DOUGLAS, THERE ARE ISSUES ABOUT AND THE REMAINING FIVE, THOSE FIVE WITNESSES, I SUBMIT, REQUIRE AT THE VERY LEAST, PENALTY PHASE RELIEF.

AND LET ME EXPLAIN WHY.
FIRST, THE JUDGE IN DENYING HIS FIRST GROUND FOR DENYING RES JUDICATA AND THE WITNESSES DID NOT TESTIFY AT ANY PREVIOUS PROCEEDINGS AND I SUBMIT THAT THAT WAS WRONG ANALYSIS TO HAVE RES JUDICATA AND IN TERMS OF THE QUESTION OF DILIGENCE, THE TESTIMONY PRESENTED WAS IN 2001, WHEN MR. WIGLEY WAS MURDERED, IN PRISON,

THERE WAS AN EFFORT MADE TO MAKE UP A LIST OF PEOPLE IN PRISON AND OUT OF PRISON, WHO WIGLEY MAY HAVE CONFIDED IN, JUST TO SEE IF THERE WAS ANYBODY OUT THERE AND -->> AND THIS WAS DONE WHEN. >> 2001.

IT WAS AT THE TIME OF THE -- THE COURT DECIDED TO TAKE THE -- WHERE THE COURT RECOGNIZED, NEWLY DISCOVERED EVIDENCE WARRANTED A -- ACTUALLY PENALTY PHASE RELIEF FOR MR. MILLS WHICH ULTIMATELY LED TO A LIFE SENTENCE AN ON THE BASIS OF A STATEMENT MR. MILLS MADE WHILE INCARCERATED IN JAIL, A, WAIT -- AWAITING MR. MILLS' TRIAL FOR THE CODEFENDANT, ANDERSON ASH LIMIT

AND SO IT WAS A SHOT IN THE DARK TO CHECK AND SEE IF THERE WAS ANYTHING OUT THERE AND ALL OF THE PEOPLE THAT WERE TALKED TO HAD NO INFORMATION, AND TWO INDIVIDUALS WHOSE NAMES WERE ON THE LIST BECOME SIGNIFICANT BECAUSE THEY ARE WITNESSES NOW AND ONE OF THE INDIVIDUALS, ROBERT PEARSON, AND ROBERT PEARSON, WHO DID TESTIFY ON JUNE 1ST, WAS ON THE LIST IN 2001, HE WAS CONTACTED IN 2001, AND AT THAT TIME, INDICATED HE DID NOT WANTED TO TALK, DID NOT WANTED TO GET INVOLVED, BOTH MS. MCDERMOTT TESTIFIED REGARDING THAT AND MR. PEARSON TESTIFIED, HE REFUSED TO GET INVOLVED

AND THE OTHER PERSON'S NAME ON THE LIST WAS MICHAEL CONLEY AND THERE WAS BE A EFFORT MADE TO LOCATE HIM AND DOC RECORDS INDICATED HE WAS GOOD FRIENDS WITH MR. WIGLEY AND HE WAS RELEASED FROM PRISON AND EFFORTS WERE MADE TO CONTACT HIM AND THERE WAS A LEAD TO SOMEBODY IN BROWARD COUNTY AND TURNS OUT ACCORDING TO MR. CONWAY IT WAS A FAMILY MEMBER OF HIS AND HE HAD GONE THROUGH A DIVORCE, HE WAS CONCERNED ABOUT HIS WIFE, OR PEOPLE ON BEHALF OF HIS WIFE, CONTACTING HIM, HIS FAMILY MEMBER INDICATED TO MR. CONLEY THAT HE'S GIVING THAT INFORMATION AND BASICALLY SHUT IT DOWN

AND IN FACT, MS. MCDERMOTT TESTIFIED TO, AS THE INVESTIGATOR, WENT OUT AN ATTEMPTED TO CONTACT HIM AND RAN INTO THE BROTHER IN BROWARD COUNTY AND HAS NOT BEEN ABLE TO LOCATE HIM.

AS TO THE OTHER INDIVIDUALS, WHO TESTIFIED, IN 2009, THEY WERE NOT KNOWN, THEY DIDN'T GET ON THE LIST, AGAIN, THE LIST IN 2001, WAS BASICALLY A SHOT IN THE DARK, HAIL MARY PASS KIND OF THING.

>> I -- SINCE YOUR TIME IS LIMITED, LET'S ASSUME WE AGREE WITH YOU THAT DUE DILIGENCE WAS... AND YOU HAVE NOW FOCUSED ON THE PENALTY PHASE. >> YES. >>

WHAT DO YOU THINK THAT THIS EVIDENCE IS ADMISSIBLE IN THE PENALTY PHASE, HEARSAY... [INAUDIBLE] A DIFFERENT STORY.

WHAT -- HOW WOULD THAT PROBABLY PRODUCE A LIFE SENTENCE, BECAUSE THAT IS REALLY THE TEST, FOR NEWLY DISCOVERED EVIDENCE IS, WOULD IT PROBABLY PRODUCE A LESS SENTENCE.

>> WELL, FIRST, ONE PLACE TO LOOK IS MR. MOLDOF WHO TESTIFIED JUNE 2ND AND HOW THE STATEMENTS IMPACTED HIM AND WHAT HE WOULD HAVE DONE IN TERMS OF THE PENALTY PHASE AND IN 1984, ONE OF THE ISSUES THAT HAPPENED WAS IN REFERENCE TO HIS DECISION NOT TO PRESENTS THE LIFE SENTENCE MR. WIGLEY RECEIVED AND THE TIME IN 1984 HE EXPLAINED IT WAS BECAUSE THE JUDGE WOULD ALLOW THE STATE TO BRING OUT THE FACT THAT WIGLEY HAD MADE A STATEMENT TO THE POLICE IN WHICH WIGLEY PUT ALL OF THE BLAME ON MR. MAREK.

>> YOU AGREE IF THIS EVIDENCE WERE TO COME IN, AND -- IN AT LEAST THE PENALTY PHASE, WIGLEY'S CONFESSION WOULD -->> YES. AND MR. MOLDOF, HAD NO PROBLEM WITH THAT AND WOULD HAVE PRESENTED THIS

AND HE THOUGHT THAT A STATEMENT AFTER THE CRIME TO THE POLICE, WAS, HE CERTAINLY WOULD ARGUE, WOULD BE SELF-SERVING VERSUS CONSISTENT STATEMENTS MADE TO INDIVIDUALS HE WAS INCARCERATED WITH, AND, HE WOULD HAVE NO PROBLEM PURSUING THAT.

>> I GUESS -- YOU ARE SAYING, WELL, THE LAWYER WOULD ACT DIFFERENTLY.BUT, IN TERMS OF THE AGGRAVATOR AND THE MITIGATOR, I UNDERSTAND WE CAN LOOK AT WHETHER YOUR CULPABLE DEFT RECEIVED A LIFE SENTENCE, IT JUST DOESN'T LOOK LIKE THAT SITUATION.WHAT COULD A JURY -- WHAT MITIGATOR WOULD THIS GO THROUGH OR WHAT AGGRAVATOR, WOULD IT CHANGE?

Y -- YOU SEE, I UNDERSTAND YOU HAVE PRESENTED INTERESTING TESTIMONY BUT WHERE WOULD IT FIT IN IN A NEW PENALTY PHASE AND GIVE ME YOUR BEST SHOT,

IT WOULDN'T CHANGE THE AGGRAVATORS AND WHAT MITIGATORS WOULD IT GO TO.

>> FIRST OF ALL, IT WOULD HAVE LED MR. MOLDOF TO PRESENT THE LIFE SENTENCE, WHICH WAS NOT PRESENTED BEFORE AND THAT HAS BEEN RECOGNIZED, A LIFE SENTENCE, AS A MITIGATING CIRCUMSTANCE AND, SECOND, IT WOULD HAVE GONE TO REDUCE MR. MAREK'S ROLE,

IN THE COURT, ON DIRECT APPEAL FOUND THAT HE WAS THE DOMINANT INDIVIDUAL.THIS WOULD HAVE GONE TO NEGATE THAT.

>> IF WE -- I'M SORRY. .>> YOU DO RECOGNIZE THAT NOT ONLY WAS THE DEFENSE COUNSEL... HAVE BEEN CHANGED AND THE STATE WOULD HAVE DONE THINGS DIFFERENTLY THAN THEY WOULD HAVE AND WOULD HAVE BEEN ABLE TO BRING IN THINGS LIKE THE CONFESSION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL INFORMATION, THAT INDICATED THAT MR. WIGLEY WAS A FOLLOWER, NOT A LEADER.AND THINGS THAT WOULD TEND TO UNDERMINE THIS NEWLY DISCOVERED EVIDENCE, ISN'T THAT CORRECT.

>> MR. MOLDOF TESTIFIED AS TO THE MENTAL HEALTH EVALUATIONS, MENTAL HEALTH EVALUATIONS WERE DONE SOLELY ON SELF-REPORTING OF MR. WIGLEY AND THERE IS FIRST A QUESTION OF WHAT ONES WOULD HAVE BEEN ADMISSIBLE AND SECOND, THE EXPERTS DIDN'T HAVE THESE STATEMENTS MADE IN PRISON.WHICH SUGGESTS THAT MR. WIGLEY WAS IN FACT NOT A FOLLOWER.AND THE CONCLUSION

-->> BUT, ALSO, I MEAN, WHEN YOU LOOK AT THESE STATEMENTS, IN CONTEXT, ISN'T IT LIKELY THAT A JURY WOULD VIEW THESE THINGS INCONSISTENT AS THEY WERE, VARIABLE AS THEY WERE AS MOST LIKELY AND EXERCISE IN BRAGGING, AND SELF-PROTECTION.IN TRYING TO PROJECT AN IMAGE OF TOUGHNESS, IN ORDER TO AVOID SOME TROUBLES IN PRISON.

>> FOR EXAMPLE, MR. PEARSON IN PARTICULAR, HIS TESTIMONY WAS QUITE COMPELLING AND HE INDICATED, MR. PEARSON INDICATED THAT MR. WIGLEY... VARIED OVER TIME AND THE ONLY THING THAT VARIED WAS MR. WIGLEY'S MEMORY WHEN HE WAS ALONE WITH THE VICTIM IN THE SHACK, AS TO WHETHER OR NOT HE REMEMBERS KILLING HER OR SIMPLY REMEMBERS WAKING UP AND SHE WAS DEAD AND ALL OF HIS VERSIONS, MR. MAREK WAS OUT IN THE TRUCK, NOT INVOLVED. >> BUT THERE IS WHERE THE EVIDENCE THAT I GUESS TO ME HAS BEEN VERY COMPELLING, ABOUT MR. MAREK'S FINGERPRINTS BEING THE ONLY FINGER PRINT FOUND IN THE SHACK WHERE THE BODY WAS FOUND.SO THE IDEA THAT IT WAS MAREK THAT WAS OUTSIDE AND PLAYED AN INSIGNIFICANT ROLE IS CONTRADICTED BY THE PHYSICAL EVIDENCE. I MEAN, IF YOU DIDN'T HAVE THAT PHYSICAL EVIDENCE, AND PLUS YOU STILL -- THERE IS NOTHING THAT HAS CHANGED THE FACT THAT THIS COURT RELIED ON, THAT THE TWO -- SURVIVING -- THE PASSENGER, DID NOT ULTIMATELY GO, SAID IT WAS MR. MAREK THAT DID ALL THE TALKING AND THE POLICE OFFICER AFTERWARDS SAID IT WAS MR. MAREK THAT DID ALL THE TALKING, NOT MR. WIGLEY AND THAT DOESN'T DISAPPEAR, DOES NIGHT IT DOESN'T, BUT, CERTAINLY IT IS WORTH NOTING IN MR. WIGLEY'S TRIAL THAT WAS NOT PORTRAYED AS OMINOUS AND IT WAS LESS OMINOUS AND HE WAS THE TALKER AND THAT WAS PURSUANT TO AN AGREEMENT WITH MR. WIGLEY,

I THINK THE BOTTOM LINE, THOUGH, IS, IF YOU HAVE CONFLICTING EVIDENCE, IT ALL SORT OF NEGATES

AND WHAT YOU END UP HAVING IS THE DISPARITY IN THE TREATMENT OF THESE TWO INDIVIDUALS.WHICH IS WHAT CALLS FOR THE LIFE SENTENCE.

I MEAN, YOU COULD HAVE DOUBTS AS TO WHICH OF WIGLEY'S STATEMENTS TO BELIEVE, BUT, CLEARLY, THERE IS MORE GOING ON HERE, AND -

->> IT IS INTERESTING, THE ARGUMENT FOR THIS PENALTY PHASE, YOU ARE NOT SAYING THAT THIS COURT, BASED NOW ON THE NEWLY DISCOVERED EVIDENCE, NOW PRODUCED MAREK'S SENTENCE, THE LIFE SENTENCE, ARE YOU.

>> CERTAINLY, THAT... I MAKE A NUMBER OF ARGUMENTS, AND I SAY UNDER NEWLY DISCOVERED EVIDENCE, AND THESE CIRCUMSTANCES, IT IS NOT JUST A QUESTION OF WHETHER IT WOULD HAVE MADE A DIFFERENCE TO THE JURY,

IN ABRAM SCOTT IT WOULD HAVE MADE A DIFFERENCE TO THE SENTENCING JUDGE AND SHE SAID SHE WOULD HAVE IMPOSED LIFE AND IT SHOULD HAVE BEEN LOOK AT AS HOW IT WOULD AFFECT THE COURT ON DIRECT APPEAL.
>> WHAT

-->> ABRAM SCOTT SKIES, JUDGE SCHAEFFER INDICATED, BEFORE SHE RECUSED HELPFUL HAD SHE KNOWN OF THE LIFE NOTICE FOR THE CODEFENDANT.

>> BUT THAT IS NOT THIS CASE.

>> BUT IS AN EXAMPLE OF HOW IT HAS TO BE EVALUATED.NOT JUST WHAT HAPPENED IN FRONT OF THE E JURY, BUT HOW IT COULD HAVE IMPACTED

-->> WE DON'T HAVE THE ORIGINAL JUDGE HERE BUT THE JUDGE DIDN'T EVEN FIND THE WITNESSES TO BE CREDIBLE. >> CORRECT.BUT, WHAT THE JUDGE DID DO IN 1988 IS STRUCK AN AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCE AND SAID IT WAS HARMLESS MERELY BECAUSE THERE WAS NO MITIGATION.AND, THAT DECISION WOULD NOT BE SUSTAINABLE, HAD THE LIFE SENTENCE FOR THE CODEFENDANT BEEN IN THE RECORD.WHEN STRIKING AN AG AND IF THERE IS MITIGATION THAT COULD HAVE PROVIDED THE BASIS FOR A LIFE SENTENCE AND THE JUDGE, AT THE TIME OF THE TRIAL, INDICATED DURING THE INSTRUCTION CONFERENCE, THAT IN THE CASE, THERE WAS NO WAY THAT HE COULD OVERRIDE A JURY RECOMMEND DIGS OF LIFE, AND SO THAT WAS ONE OF THE REASONS WHY HE TOLD MR. MOLDOF, TRYING TO PERSUADE -- SWAY THE JURY WITH THE LIFE SENTENCE STUFF I'LL ALLOW THE PROSECUTION TO GET INTO WIGLEY'S CONFESSION, SO MY POINT. >> THAT THIS COURT HAS TO NOT JUST LOOK AT THE JURY, THE TRIAL JUDGE, BUT ALSO, THIS COURT ON DIRECT APPEAL AND IN POST-CONVICTION

-->> WHEN YOU LOOK AT ALL OF THOSE THINGS AND YOU LOOK AT THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF HOW -- WHERE THESE STATEMENTS WERE MADE, I MEAN, YOU HAVE THE SITUATION WHERE ONE OF THE PEOPLE SAYING, BASICALLY, THAT THIS -- MR. WIGLEY IS REALLY A WIMP AND HAS HE WAS -- BRAGGING ABOUT THIS AND ANOTHER ONE WHO SAID THAT BASICALLY HE SAID HE DIDN'T DO IT, OR WHEN THE GUY INDICATED HE WOULDN'T GIVE HIM ANY HELP, HE CHANGED HIS STORY AND SAID HE DID DO IT.AND ANOTHER ONE SAYS THAT, YOU KNOW, I DIDN'T REALLY BELIEVE THESE STATEMENTS THAT HE WAS MAKING, AND SO, WHEN A JURY -- THE JURY AND THE JUDGE EVEN THE COURT LOOK AT ALL OF THESE CIRCUMSTANCES, SURROUNDING THE MAKING OF THESE VARIOUS STATEMENTS, IT REALLY SEEMS A VERY DIFFICULT TASK FOR ME TO SAY, ANYWAY, THAT THIS WOULD HAVE TRULY MADE, PROBABLY MADE A DIFFERENCE IN THE SENTENCING.AND, I -- THE CONTEXT OF THESE STATEMENTS, REALLY IS WHAT PERSUADES ME THAT THIS REALLY WOULD NOT HAVE MADE A DIFFERENCE.

>> FIRST I WOULD LIKE TO POINT OUT THAT THE PROSECUTION ON JUNE 2ND, EXILE EXAMINING MS. MCDERMOTT MADE THE POINT THAT, HOW MR. WIGLEY'S BODY IN FACT WAS FOUND.WAS SO STRIKINGLY SIMILAR TO THE VICTIM IN THIS CASE, THEY -- THE STATE'S ARGUMENT WAS THAT THAT WOULD SUGGEST THAT THERE WAS A CONNECTION.BECAUSE, MISBAIL

-->> HOW HIS BODY AS FOUND. >> NAKED WITH A RED BANDANNA AROUND HIS NEXT. >> THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THIS CASE HAS BEEN BANTERED ABOUT FOR YEARS AND I'M NOT SURE HOW THAT HELPS IN THIS SITUATION.

>> WELL, I MEAN, I THINK HER POINT WAS, BECAUSE OF THE SIMILARITY IN HOW THE BODY WAS FOUND, IT WOULD SUGGEST THAT MR. WIGLEY'S BOYFRIEND, WHO MURDERED HIM, HAD DONE TO HIM WHAT HAD BEEN DONE -- HE HAD DONE TO SOMEONE ELSE.AND I THINK THAT THAT WAS WHAT THE STATE'S POINT WAS.

BUT, ULTIMATELY, THERE IS NO QUESTION THAT THIS COURT IN 1988, WOULD HAVE HAD TO REVERSE WHEN AN AGGRAVATOR WAS STRUCK. AND THE JURY IN THIS CASE WAS GIVEN FOUR AGGRAVATORS AND THE JUDGE FOUND FOUR AGGRAVATORS AND IN 1988 ONE OF THOSE WAS STRUCK, AT THE TIME,

IN 1984, THE MITIGATION WAS SIMPLY A GUARD FROM THE JAIL, TESTIFYING, AS TO HIS -- MR. MAREK'S CONDUCT IN JAIL AND HE HAD SHOWN REMORSE AND THE PROSECUTION TURNED AROUND AND SAID REMORSE WAS SIMPLY THAT HE WAS CAUGHT, NOT THAT HE WAS REALLY REMORSEFUL.

IN ANY EVENT, I BELIEVE THAT THE FACT THAT IT BECOMES MUDDLED, AS TO WHO DID WHAT, IS PRECISELY WHAT THIS COURT HAS INDICATED REQUIRES THE -- THAT THEY BE TREATED THE SAME AND WOULD REQUIRE A LIFE SENTENCE FOR MR. MAREK.

>> YOU ARE WELL INTO YOUR REBUTTAL.

>> I WILL

-->> IF YOU WANT TO SAVE ANY TIME.

>> I WILL SAVE THE REMAINING TIME. >> ALL RIGHT.

>> I'M CAROLYN SNURKOWSKI FROM THE ATTORNEY GENERAL'S OFFICE, JUDGE LEVINSON WHO HEARD THE JUNE 1ST, 2009 HEARING WAS NOT THE TRIAL AND IT WAS A CONFUSION WITH REGARD TO WHAT HE -- HE HAD TO LOOK AT THE TOTAL CASE AFRESH AND REVIEWED THE RECORDS AND HIS ASSESSMENT OF THE RECORD IS BASED ON TRANSCRIPTS, TESTIMONY, PRESENTED FOR HIM, AND THE ARGUMENTS THAT WERE MADE BY COUNSEL, BEFORE HIM, AND, HE MADE ASSESSMENTS THAT THE WITNESSES WERE NOT CREDIBLE AND I WOULD LIKE TO STEP BACK A LITTLE BIT, BECAUSE, AS WELL, I FULLY APPRECIATE THAT I -- THESE WITNESSES DID NOT -- WERE NOT COMPELLING, WOULD NOT CHANGE THEOUT COME, AND PROBABLY WOULD NOT CHANGE THE OUTCOME WITH REGARD TO A NEW PENALTY PHASE OR YOU CAN EVEN GET TO A PENALTY PHASE THE STATE WOULD SUBMIT IT IS A RARE CASE WHERE THIS TRIAL COURT IN FACT FOUND NO DUE DILIGENCE, AND IT IS SUPPORTED BY THE RECORD, IT IS SUPPORTED BY THE TESTIMONY THAT WAS PRESENTED AT TRIAL BY DEFENSE COUNSEL, WITH REGARD TO WHAT ACTION THEY UNDERTOOK AND IN THIS CASE IT POINTS TO THE FACT THAT WE HAVE A TARGET DATE.WE KNOW THAT MR. WIGLEY DIED, HE WAS KILLED MAY 6TH, 2000 AND AT THAT TIME, DEFENSE COUNSEL FOR MR. MAREK WAS ENGAGING IN LITIGATION AND AT THAT TIME, RIGHT AFTERWARDS, IN FACT, WITHIN A YEAR, OF THAT, THEY SECURED INFORMATION FROM DOC AND THE STATE ATTORNEY'S OFFICE AND -- WHO PROSECUTED THE CASE AND OTHER COURSES -- GOVERNMENT AGENCIES WITH REGARD TO INFORMATION CONCERNING MR. WIGLEY AND MR. MAREK.MR. WIGLEY IN PARTICULAR, ABOUT MR. MAREK. AND WHAT THEY FOUND OUT, AND WHAT THE ALLEGATION WAS, IF YOU LOOK BACK AT THE HISTORY OF THIS CASE, THE 9TH CLAIM IN THAT CASE HAD TO DO WITH -- THE CULPA ABILITY OF THE PARTIES, WITH REGARD TO MAREK, AND WIGLEY AND AT THAT TIME, THEY WERE PRESENTING AND TRYING TO SECURE EVIDENCE THAT SHOWED THAT THE HISTORY, WIGLEY'S HISTORY, DEMONSTRATED THAT HE WAS A MORE CULPABLE -- AND HE WAS NOT A LESSER DOMINATING PERSON OR HE WAS NOT THE LESSER PERSON, EQUALLY OR MORE DOMINANT TYPE OF PERSONALITY.AND, FAILED AT THAT.BUT, IN DOING THAT, THEY WERE INVESTIGATING THIS EVIDENCE, THEY SECURED THE NAMES, THEY MADE CONSCIENTIOUS DECISIONS WITH REGARD TO SECURING WHAT NAMES THEY FOUND, AND CALLING THROUGH THAT -- COMING THROUGH THE LIST AND FINDING OUT WHO WAY WOULD SECURE AND MR. BANTERMAN WAS ON THE LIST AND THEY DISCOUNTED HIM AND HE COMES LATER ON IN 2009. >> HOW MANY OF THESE -- I BELIEVE THERE WERE 6 PEOPLE WHO TESTIFIED -->> THAT'S CORRECT, YOUR HONOR. >> AT THE EVIDENTIARY HEARING.HOW MANY OF THOSE NAMES WERE IN FACT DISCOVERED AND TALKED TO AT POINTS. >> WE KNOW AT LEAST THREE OF THOSE INDIVIDUALS WERE ON THE LIST, BECAUSE MR. MCDERMOTT ACKNOWLEDGED THAT AND THE OTHERS COULD OR COULD NOT HAVE BEEN ON BUT THEY WERE THE RAPID TRAIL THAT LED TO THE OTHER INDIVIDUALS, LIKE MR. MITCHELL, I BELIEVE, SAID,... MR. MITCHELL LED THEM TO AN INDIVIDUAL MR. CLARK, AND MR. CLARK LED THEM TO LEON DOUGLAS, AND I MEAN, IT WAS -- THERE WAS -- THE AVAILABLE EVIDENCE WAS THERE, AND DUE DILIGENCE DOES REQUIRE EFFORT ON THE PART OF THE LAWYER AND THE LAWYER DOESN'T SAY I GET A PASS BECAUSE I WAS UNSUCCESSFUL AND YOU TRY AND AT THIS POINT IN TIME IT WAS NOT A TIME WHEN NOTHING WAS GOING ON, THEY WERE ACTUALLY LOOKING FOR CLAIMS, WITH REGARD TO CHALLENGING THE CULPABILITY OF THE INDIVIDUALS WITH REGARD TO THE CRIME AND AS I SAID THIS IS ONE OF THOSE CASES WHERE WE DO HAVE A FAILURE TO PERFORM DUE DILIGENCE AND THE TRIAL COURT WHO LOOKED AT THE CASE -->> EVERY TIME WE HAVE ONE OF THESE CASES, THIS IS AN ISSUE THAT COMES ABOUT BUT WHEN THERE ARE NEW STATEMENTS THAT COME ABOUT WE WIND UP CHASING OUR TAILS, BECAUSE THEY TALKED TO SOMEONE AND THEY DIDN'T SAY BACK THEN WHEN THEY ARE SAYING NOW AND THOSE ARE THE DIFFICULT THINGS WE MUST, MUST WRESTLE WITH AND I FIND IT DIFFICULT AND THIN TO RULE ON A CASE LIKE THIS ON A DUE DILIGENCE WHEN THERE ARE STRONGER REASONS IN EXISTENCE THAT WOULD TAKE US BEYOND THAT.>> AND I -->> I SEE PROBLEMS, HERE, QUITE HONESTLY WITH, YOU KNOW, IN MY VIEW WITH SOME OF THE THINGS THAT OCCURRED DURING THE HEARING, AND THOSE KINDS OF THINGS.BUT, IT IS THE ULTIMATE, I THINK JUSTICE PARIENTE HIT ON THAT IS REALLY THE HEART OF WHAT THIS CASE IS ABOUT.I MEAN... >> AND I DON'T DISAGREE, YOUR HONOR, I UNDERSTAND THAT BUT I THINK IT IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE WE HAVE A TRIAL COURT WHO CAME IN THE CASE, NEW, AND FOUND -- MADE THAT GLARING DETERMINATION, THERE WAS NOT DUE DILIGENCE, AFTER HEARING THE EVIDENCE. >> AGAIN, I DON'T KNOW THAT THAT IS SUPPORTED, AND AS I LOOK AT THE RECORD I DON'T KNOW THAT THAT IS A FINDING, BECAUSE IT IS A FINDING IS REALLY SUPPORTED WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE WHOLE SCHEME OF THESE KINDS OF CASES THAT COME BEFORE US BECAUSE THIS IS ALWAYS AN ISSUE THE STATE WANTS TO GRAB TO, THIS IS THE ONLY ISSUE IN THE CASE. >> BUT, I DON'T -->> I WOULD, WOULD HOME YOU WOULD ADDRESS SOME OF THE OTHER ONES.RATHER THAN JUST HANG ON THAT POINT.PARTICULARLY, THE QUESTION OF JUSTICE -- THE QUESTION JUSTICE PARIENTE RAISES AND THE RESPONSE MR. McCLAIN PROVIDED TO US, HE HAS MADE A COMPELLING ARGUMENT, ONE PERSON IS RECEIVING A LIFE PENALTY AND THESE ARE THINGS THAT OUGHT TO BE REWEIGHED AND REEVALUATED.>> WELL, IN FACT IF YOU LOOK AT MR. CONLEY, GO TO THE WITNESS WHOSE TESTIFIED, HE TESTIFIED THAT HE THOUGHT FOR EXAMPLE THAT ALTHOUGH WIGLEY WAS TELLING HIM THIS, IT WAS FOR A REASON AND THE REASON WAS HE WANTED HIS -- MR. CONLEY'S WIFE TO HELP WIG L WITH REGARD TO HIS POST-CONVICTION LITIGATION, AND MR. BANTERMAN, HAS -- HIS TESTIMONY REFLECTS THAT MR. WIGLEY WAS BOASTING WITH REGARD TO HIS COMMENTS ABOUT HOW HE KILLED SOMEBODY.IF YOU LOOK THE AT MR. PEARSON -->> GO BACK TO MR. CONLEY, HE DID NOT TESTIFY AGAIN. >> HE DID NOT.HE WAS ILL AND COULD NOT COME BACK.>> HE STRUCK ME, IN TERMS OF -- OF COURSE WE DIDN'T SEE HIM, BUT HIS TESTIMONY IS CLEAR TO ME THAT HE HAD A FEELING THAT MR. WIGLEY... TELLING THE TRUTH.NOW, LET'S ASSUME THAT WIGLEY DID STRANGLE THE VICTIM.AND THAT THIS IS -- SEEMS TO BE CONSISTENCY THAT MIGHT MAKE THAT, YOU KNOW, A POSSIBLE THING, THAT IS, THAT IT WAS WIGLEY THAT ACTUALLY DID THE STRANGLING AND THEY BOTH MAY HAVE HAD SEXUAL RELATIONS.DOES THAT CHANGE THE RELATIVE CULPABILITY MIX, IN OTHER WORDS, IF WE LOOK AT THE SUM TOTAL AND SAY, YOU KNOW WHAT? LOOKS LIKE WIGLEY MAY HAVE BEEN THE PERSON WHO DID THE STRANGLING AND HE GOT THE LIFE SENTENCE, HOW DOES THAT AFFECT THE... >> I DON'T THINK IT CHANGES, IF YOU ARE ASKING ME, THE LIKELY PROBABILITY AND THE ANSWER IS NO AND THE REASON FOR THAT IS -- EXCUSE ME -- A NUMBER OF REASONS, FIRST OF ALL, MR. MAREK TOOK THE STAND IN HIS TRIAL, AND SAID HE WASN'T THERE.AND THE JURY HEARD THAT, AND, ALSO, HEARD MR. MAREK ADMITTED THAT HE WAS THE ONE THAT STARTED US OFF ON THE TREK AND HE WAS THE ONE THAT INVITED THE VICTIM TO -- HE WAS GOING TO HELP HER AND HE WAS THE ONE -- EXCUSE ME, MR. MAREK'S OWN LIPS, WE HEAR THAT HE IS THE PERSON WHO IS TAKING PART IN SETTING IS ALL IN MOTION. >> LET'S -- IN TERMS OF THAT YOU HAVE TWO MEN AND THEY HAVE STOPPED FOR PEOPLE THAT ARE BY THE SIDE OF THE ROAD, AND THOSE TWO MEN, THEY -- IS IT NOT LIKELY THAT THE DISCUSSION OCCURRED BEFORE HANDLED, WHAT THEY WERE GOING TO DO? I MEAN, YOU KNOW WHAT I'M SAYING? ANY SUGGESTION MR. MAREK HAS DECIDED ON HIS OWN, TO GO OFF ON THE PLAN, AND THAT SOMEHOW HE DRUGS WIGLEY TO GO ALONG WITH HIM. >> THAT IS NOT THE PLAN, THE PLAN IS THEY ARE DRIVING DONE THE HIGH WA AND COMING INTO FLORIDA AND HAVING A GOOD TIME, AND SEE THIS CAR AND STOP, AND RENTEDER -- TO RENDER ASSISTANCE AND MR. MAREK SAYS I'LL HELP YOU, BECAUSE SHE'S LOOKING FOR ASSISTANCE. >> BECAUSE HE IS DOING THE TALKING, HOW DOES IT MAKE THE OTHER PERSON NOT CULPABLE EQUALLY FOR WHAT HAPPENED. >> THIS COURT ON DIRECT APPEAL REVIEWED THE RECORD AND DETERMINED THAT ALONG THE WAY, WHAT MR. MAREK SAID TO THE JURY WAS FOUND TO BE CORRECT.BECAUSE, OTHER WITNESSES SAID THE SAME THING.JEAN TRACK TESTIFIED THAT SHE WAS SURVIVING -- THE SURVIVING INDIVIDUAL AND TESTIFIED MAREK SPOKE TO HER AND MAREK CAME TO THE CAR AND MAREK WHO SUGGESTED ONE OF THEM GO, AND, IT WAS THE VICTIM WHO SAID -- ASKED JEAN TO GO, AND SHE WAS AFRAID.AND SO, THE VICTIM WENT.IT WAS MAREK WHO AFTER THE MURDER ALMOST IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE MURDER WAS TALKING TO POLICE OFFICERS, AND TALKING ABOUT WHY WE'RE THERE AND HE WAS THERE, AND HE WAS IN FLORIDA, AND -- BECAUSE HE WAS LOOKING FOR COLLEGE FRIENDS.IT WAS MAREK WHO DID ALL OF THE TALKING.YOU DON'T HAVE ANY TESTIMONY, IN THE RECORD TO REFLECT OTHERWISE.AND, THE AT THE TRIAL, MAREK'S TRIAL WHILE THERE WAS A ISSUE MANY MOONS AGO WITH REGARD TO WHO, WHETHER THERE WAS A -- DISPARATE DETERMINATION AS TO WHO WAS THE ACTUAL KILLER, THE BOTTOM LINE WAS, THAT THERE WAS NOT, THE STATE IN THIS PARTICULAR CASE, MAREK'S CASE, SAID, I DON'T CARE HOW YOU DECIDE IT, WHATEVER YOU FIND MR. MAREK'S -- WHAT HE ACTUALLY DID THE MURDER OR HELPED IN THE MURDER OR WHAT HE DID, IT IS STILL FIRST DEGREE MURDER AND THAT IS WHAT HE WAS CONVICTED OF, MR. WIGLEY WAS CONVICTED OF FIRST DEGREE MURDER, ALSO, AND GOT A LIFE SENTENCE. >> AND THAT IS ALL, I THINK, I DON'T THINK, ANYTHING CHANGES THAT MR. MAREK GUILTY OF -- MAKES HIM GUILTY OF FIRST DEGREE MURDER, I GUESS THE ONLY -- WHAT WE WERE FOCUSING ON IS OUR JURISPRUDENCE THAT DEALS WITH AN EQUALLY CULPABLE PERSON, TO GET A LIFE SENTENCE, AND OTHER PORTIONALITY, IN FAIRNESS, TO THE SYSTEM, SO THAT THERE IS CREDIBILITY IN THE SYSTEM, THAT THE CODEFENDANT SHOULD ALSO GET A LIFE SENTENCE AND I THOUGHT THAT WAS THE ONLY ISSUE. >> THAT IS CORRECT BUT THERE IS NOTHING IN THE RECORD THAT CHANGED BASED ON THE VICTIMS. >> AND I GUESS THE QUESTION I ASKED WAS, IF IT WAS MR. WIGLEY THAT DID -- STRANGLED THE VICTIM, AND THAT YOU SAY THAT DOESN'T CHANGE THE CALCULUS OF THE WAY THE COURT WOULD LOOK AT THE CASE. >> FIRST OF ALL, I DON'T THINK YOU EVER FIND THAT, WE CAN THE NOT MAKE THE DETERMINATION BUT ASSUME FOR THE MOMENT WE PRESENT THE EVIDENCE WITH REGARD TO THE WITNESSES, THEY CAME IN.FIRST OF ALL, THEY HAVE TO BE TAKEN IN CONTEXT AND THE COURT RECOGNIZES THAT, AND AS I WAS GOING THROUGH THE SCENARIO OF ALL OF THESE WITNESSES EACH ONE OF THEM THAT'S A PROBLEM WITH REGARD TO THEIR CREDIBILITY, OR THEIR BELIEVEABILITY OR THE KIND OF STORY THEY ARE TELLING, BECAUSE ALL OF THE STORIES ARE DIFFERENT AND NOT THE SAME BUT, SECOND OF ALL, WE HAVE A DETERMINATION THAT, BY THAT COURT AND ALL THE COURTS THAT LOOKED AT THE CASE, THAT, IN FACT, MR. MAREK WAS THE MORE DOMINANT ONE AND NOTHING -- NOTHING -- ABOUT THE SIX WITNESSES CHANGED THAT, AND PLUS, NOW WE KNOW, NOW WE HAVE A CASE THAT IS BEFORE THE COURT -->> YES, THERE IS A DIFFERENCE AND THAT IS WHAT WE ARE TRYING TO GET TO THE BOTTOM LINE.AND THAT IS, IF WIGLEY WAS THE -- PERFORMED THE ACTUAL STRANGULATION, I THINK THAT IS THE BOTTOM LINE QUESTION.BEING PROPOUNDED, WOULD YOU RESPOND TO THAT. >> AND I'M -->> IF IT WERE FOUND -->> SURE. >> THAT MR. WIGLEY WAS ACTUALLY THE PERSON WHO COMMITTED THE STRANGULATION, WHAT HAPPENS THEN. >> I THINK AGAIN, THIS IS LIKE OTHER CASES, WHERE THE COURT HELD IT IS A MORE DOMINANT REACTION AND LAVALIER, SHE ASKED HER SON AND HE WAS ACQUITTED AND HE APPARENTLY DID THE MURDER BUT HE WAS ACQUITTED AND THE MORE DOMINANT PERSON IS ENTITLED TO GET -- AND THE COURT HELD, A NUMBER OF CASES OUT THERE, WALTON, A NUMBER OF CASES, STEIN, A NUMBER OF CASES THAT REFLECT THAT YOU HAVE A -- MORE DOMINANT FIGURE THAT PERSON IS ELIGIBLE -->> I GUESS I'M CONCERNED ABOUT, I KNOW WE HAVE THE MASTER MIND, THAT IS WHAT I WAS ASKING EARLIER, DOES IT REALLY MEAN, BECAUSE ONE PERSON IS DOING THE TALKING, I DON'T KNOW HOW, WHETHER ONE IS, MORE HANDSOME GUY THAN THE OTHER AND THEY SAID, YOU ARE THE LADIES MAN, YOU GO DO THE TALKING, YOU ARE THE SMOOTHER PERSON, I DON'T KNOW, THAT THAT ACTUALLY IS EQUIVALENT TO THE CASES WHERE THERE IS TRULY A MASTERMIND WHO IS LIKE, YOU KNOW, THAT DRIVES THE IDEA OF THIS MURDER, OR THE MURDER OF SOMEBODY'S HUSBAND OR SPOUSE AND THAT IS WHERE WE HAVE SAID, THOSE KIND OF MASTER MINDS AND WHERE THERE ARE TWO PEOPLE ACTING IN CONCERT, AND IF THERE IS A -- AN AGREEMENT, THAT ONE OF THEM IS GOING TO DO THE TALKING, I DON'T KNOW, YOU KNOW, AGAIN -- AND I -- I DON'T KNOW HOW THAT TRANSLATES INTO THAT PERSON'S BEING THE MASTER MIND.>> FIRST OF ALL, I DON'T THINK YOU HAVE THOSE FACT AND THOSE ARE NOT THE FACTS OF THE CASE, YOU DON'T HAVE ANYBODY SAYING, THAT A LEGALLY AGREED WITH MAREK THAT HE WAS GOING TO BE THE ONE THAT TALKED.THERE IS NO AGREEMENT TO THAT.THERE IS -- ALL WE HAVE IN THIS RECORD IS MAREK WAS THE ONE WHO WAS DOMINATED.OR DOMINATED THE CONVERSATION, AND MAREK WAS THE ONE THAT WENT FORWARD AND THE ONE THAT ADDRESSED AND SET THE PROCESS IN MOTION AND WE HAVE WIGLEY'S TESTIMONY, HIS TESTIMONY -- TRIAL TRANSCRIPT NOW, THAT REFLECTS THAT THE STATE SAID THAT, YOU KNOW, WIGLEY'S TRIAL, THAT YOU KNOW, WIGLEY WAS INVOLVED, TOO.BUT, IN THE RECORD, THE -- BEFORE THIS JURY WHAT WE HAD WAS THE JUDGE, JURY, KNOWING THAT IT WAS WIGLEY WHO WAS STANDING BY WITH HIS HEAD HUNG DOWN, NOT SAYING ANYTHING.HE DIDN'T ACT, HE DIDN'T DO ANYTHING. AND THAT IS WHAT WE HAVE IN THIS RECORD.MAREK DOING EVERYTHING.>> WE ALSO HAVE OTHER POTENTIAL EVIDENCE, THAT SHOWS THAT MR. WIGLEY WAS A WEAK PERSON, AND A FOLLOWER, NOT A LEADER. >> RIGHT. >> WHICH WOULD CONFIRM THE CIRCUMSTANCES THAT POINT TO MR. MAREK AS THE DOMINANT ACTOR.>> AND THAT IS MY NEXT POINT, WHAT I'M REALLY GETTING AT.BEYOND THESE SIX PEOPLE, WHO DO NOT IMPACT WHAT HAPPENED AT THIS TRIAL, IF YOU HAVE ANOTHER PENALTY PHASE OR YOU HAVE TO PUT THIS IN THE CALCULUS, OF, WE HAVE DR. CASH, DR. COOPER, WHO ALL WERE DOCTORS WHO HAD LETTERS TO THE COURT AT THAT TIME, WHO WOULD HAVE BEEN CALLING, CALLED AND YOU DO THIS REPORT, AND TALK ABOUT WHAT IN FACT THE RECORD BEARS OUT AND THAT WAS WIGLEY WAS A WIMP.HE WAS NOT A FOLLOWER, YOU HAVE EVERY ONE OF THESE WITNESSES THAT TESTIFIED AS -- AT THE EVIDENTIARY HEARING, SAYING THAT WIGLEY'S A WIMP.THEY ARE NOT CHANGING THAT.THEY ARE NOT CHANGING ANYTHING.THEY ARE NOT, NOT CUTTING INTO THE REAL ISSUE, BEFORE THE COURT.AND THAT IS, WHETHER IN FACT MAREK WAS THE DOMINANT ONE, BECAUSE THAT IS THE PREMISE UPON WHICH THE COURT AND EVERY COURT THAT LOOKED AT IT, NO MATTER WHAT THE ISSUE MAY BE, WHETHER AN -- EDMONDS ISSUE OR WHATEVER, DETERMINED THAT MAREK WAS THE PREDOMINANT ACTOR IN THIS CASE AND NOTHING -- NOTHING -- THAT WIGLEY SAID TO THESE SIX PEOPLE -- FIVE PEOPLE, BECAUSE I DON'T THINK HE TALKED TO MR. DOUGLAS, THESE FIVE PEOPLE MAKES A DIFFERENCE, IN JAIL TWO OF THESE PEOPLE SAID, WIGLEY SAID, I KILLED BEFORE AND I'LL KILL AGAIN. >> DIDN'T HE TELL ONE OF THE WITNESSES THAT HE WAS ACTUALLY THE ONE THAT TALKED TO THE WOMEN ON THE ROAD, WHICH IS REFUTED .>> YES. >> BY THE SURVIVING TRAVELING COMPANION AND HAS NO CREDIBILITY. >> RIGHT. AND, AGAIN, THEY CHANGE AND, WHAT MR. PEARSON SAID, HOW THEY FLUCTUATED, ONE OF THE STORIES WAS THAT HE DIDN'T KNOW WHEN MAREK LEFT AND FELL ASLEEP AND FOUND THE WOMAN DEAD AND DIDN'T KNOW WHERE MAREK WAS, AND THAT DOESN'T MEAN THAT HE ACTUALLY DID THE STRANGULATION, HE TELLS ONE WITNESS, THAT HE DID IT WITH HIS HANDS.HE TOLD ANOTHER ONE HE STRANGLED WITH A BANDANNA AND WE HAVE DIFFERENT STATEMENT, GOING ACROSS THE BOARD.AND SO, BASED ON WHAT WE HAVE, TAKING IN TOTO WE HAVE TO LOOK AT ALL OF THE EVIDENCE, THE TRIAL JUDGE FOUND THERE WAS NO CREDIBILITY AS TO ANY OF THESE WITNESSES, AND THAT THERE WOULD NOT BE -- WOULD NOT BE A PROBABILITY, THE OUTCOME WOULD BE DIFFERENT.THE STATE UNLESS THERE ARE OTHER QUESTIONS WOULD ASK THE COURT TO AFFIRM.THANK YOU. >> THANK YOU.

>> FIRST, AS TO JUDGE LEVINSON'S CREDIBILITY, I THINK IN CONTEXT, WHAT HE IS SAYING IS THAT HE DID NO FIND MR. WIGLEY CREDIBLE, BECAUSE, THERE WERE INCONSISTENCIES BETWEEN THE STATEMENT AND THE... TESTIFIED DID NOT NECESSARILY BELIEVE HIM.AND THERE IS NO INDICATION THAT HE FOUND AN INDIVIDUAL OTHER THAN MR. DOUGLAS, AS CREDIBLE

.AND, SECOND, AS TO BRIEFLY, ON THE DILIGENCE POINT, IT WAS INDICATED INFORMATION FROM THE STATE ATTORNEY'S OFFICE, PROSECUTING MR. WIGLEY'S MURDER IN 2011, THAT IS NOT TRUE AND IT WAS AN OPEN FILE AND... REFUSED TO PROVIDE IT AND IT WAS NOT DISCOVERED UNTIL 2009.

ALSO, MR. BANTERMAN WAS-ON-NOT ON THE LIST -- MR. BANTERMAN WAS NOT ON THE LIST, ON -- AND THAT'S THE TESTIMONY.AND ALSO, TO MAKE THIS POINT THAT AS TO WHETHER MR. PEARSON

-->> HOW, THEN, HOW WAS MR. BANTERMAN FOUND.

>> HE WAS FOUND IN THE DOC RECORDS, IN 2009, AND HE WAS TALKED TO IN 2009. HE NAME WAS IN THE DOC RECORDS IN O-1, BUT HIS NAME WAS NOT PUT ON THE LIST.AND, THE EXPLANATION WAS HE DIDN'T SEEM TO HAVE THAT CLOSE OF A CONNECTION WITH MR. WIGLEY...

>> BUT HIS NAME WAS IN THE RECORD.IN 2001.
>> YES.

>> AS TO MR. PEARSON, MR. PEARSON, NEVER

-->> DO YOU SPEND SOME TIME ON HER ARGUMENT, THE BOTTOM LINE, SHE SAYS THAT THIS REALLY DOESN'T CHANGE THE OUTCOME AS TO THE SENTENCING AND SEEMS TO BE THE HEART OF WHERE WE ARE GOING INTO YES, YOUR HONOR

AND ULTIMATELY, I GUESS, SORT OF THE HYPOTHETICAL KIND OF NOTION THAT I BELIEVE, JUSTICE PARIENTE WAS SORT OF ALLUDING TO IS, IN A SITUATION WHERE WE HAVE NEW EVIDENCE THAT IS DEFINITELY ESTABLISHING THAT MR. WIGLEY IS THE KILLER, THERE IS NO QUESTION, IT WOULD HAVE TO BE A LIFE SENTENCE.

>> THE STATE SAYS, THE STATE SAYS THAT REALLY, WHAT YOU HAVE HERE IS -- WE MAY QUIBBLE ON WORDS, BUT THE MASTERMIND, THE PERSON WHO REALLY SEDUCES OR ENTICES THIS VICTIM, INTO THE WEB, DOES ALL THE TALKING, DOES ALL THE MANIPULATION AND SECURES THE PERSON, WHAT ABOUT THAT, THAT IS WHAT SHE SAID.

>> ALL THE CASES THAT SHE IS RELYING UPON... [INAUDIBLE] THERE IS NO INDICATION... [INAUDIBLE] IN FACT ALL THE EVIDENCE IS THAT THERE WAS NO

-->> IS THAT A REQUIREMENT?

>> I THINK, THE MASTER MIND, YOU KNOW

-->> TO FALL INTO THAT CATEGORIES OF CASES.

>> I THINK ALL OF THE CASES THAT SHE CITED ARE ALL... CASES, THE PLANNED TO MAKE ARRANGEMENTS TO MURDER HER HUSBAND.AND I CAN'T REMEMBER WHAT THE OTHER CASE IS.MY RECOLLECTION IS IT INVOLVED A COLD, CALCULATED... [INAUDIBLE].

>> ARE YOU SAYING YOU CANNOT FROM THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE, DETERMINE THAT SOMEONE IS A MASTERMIND.YOU HAVE TO HAVE THAT

-->> IT IS POSSIBLE. BUT IN THIS CASE, WHAT IS INTERESTING, IS

-->> IT'S POSSIBLE.

>> IT'S POSSIBLE AND IN THIS CASE IT IS NOT POSSIBLE, IF YOU LOOK AT WHAT HAPPENED IN MR. WIGLEY'S TRIAL,

THE... [INAUDIBLE] LOOK AT WHAT HAPPENED IN MR. WIGLEY'S TRIAL THE PROSECUTION WAS ARGUING THE SAME EVIDENCE THAT, SHOWING THIS WAS MR. WIGLEY WHO WAS THE ONE IN CONTROL.ARGUING THAT HIS SILENCE WAS OMINOUS AND ARGUING HE WAS THE ONE THEY WERE REALLY AFRAID OF.

>> I -- GO AHEAD.

>> I'M SAYING WHERE THE EVIDENCE IS AMBIGUOUS, THE PROSECUTION

-->> BUT EVIDENTLY, I MEAN, IT SEEMS TO ME THAT THERE IS SOME DISCERNMENT GOING HERE, BECAUSE HE ENDED UP WITH, YOU KNOW, A LIFE SENTENCE.AS OPPOSED TO

-->> MITIGATION.

>> SENTENCED TO DEATH.

>> MITIGATION WAS PRESENTED IN HER WIGLEY'S CASE AND NONE IN MR. MAREK'S CASE AND ONE OF THE THINGS THAT IS BEING OVERLOOKED IS THE MENTAL HEALTH EVALUATION, THE MENTAL HEALTH EVALUATION IS MR. WIGLEY WAS INSANE.

AND THAT HE DID IT IN A FRENZY.AND, SO, MR. MOLDOF TESTIFIED, IT WAS EASY TO RIP APART THE INSANITY THING THAT WAS NOT PRESENTED MT. ARE WIGLEY

-->> WHAT WERE THEIR AGES AND RELATIVE HEIGHTS.

>> MR. MAREK IS DEFINITELY TALLER, THEY WERE ABOUT THE SAME AGE.

>> WHAT WAS BOTH OF THEIR CRIMINAL HISTORIES.

>> OFF THE TOP OF MY HEAD, I DON'T REMEMBER MR. WIGLEY'S AND MR. MAREK WAS A $65 CREDIT CARD CHARGE... CONSIDERED A FELONY.

>> NO PRIOR VIOLENT FELONIES.

>> NO PRIOR VIOLENT FELONY AND THE POINT I WAS MAKING IS, WHAT DO YOU... [INAUDIBLE] IF IT IS 50/50,

THEY SHOULD GET THE SAME SENTENCE AND THAT IS WHAT THE COURT CASE LAW IS AND I DON'T THINK -- THAT'S WHY I DON'T THINK I HAVE TO PROVE... [INAUDIBLE] I THINK I HAVE TO PROVE ANYBODY THAT LOOKS AT THIS... [INAUDIBLE] JUST AS LIKELY MR. WIGLEY... [INAUDIBLE]

SO THAT'S WHY I'M ARGUING THAT EVEN IF IT IS MUDDLED AND EVEN IF YOU LOOK AT A AND DON'T KNOW WHAT HAPPENED, THAT IT SHOULD BE A LIFE SENTENCE FOR BOTH OF THEM,

AND UNDER THE PROPER ANALYSIS AND I WANTED TO MAKE THIS POINTED, MR. MOLDOF TESTIFIED HE WAS NOT... HE HAD HAD THE STATEMENTS TO PRESENTS MR. MAREK'S VERSION, THAT HE WAS OUT IN THE PICKUP TRUCK.WHEN THIS WAS GOING ON.

>> YOU HAVE USED YOUR TIME.

>> THANK YOU, YOUR HONOR.

>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR ARGUMENTS, YOUR DILIGENCE AND GETTING THE BRIEFS TO US IN A VERY SHORT PERIOD OF TIME.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
THE COURT WILL NOW BE IN RECESS.>> PLEASE RISE.